{"id":3876,"date":"2024-03-18T06:10:10","date_gmt":"2024-03-18T06:10:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3dp.45612300.xyz\/product\/best-in939-powder-for-3d-printing-in-2023\/"},"modified":"2024-03-18T06:10:10","modified_gmt":"2024-03-18T06:10:10","slug":"best-in939-powder-for-3d-printing-in-2023","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/cs\/product\/best-in939-powder-for-3d-printing-in-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"Best IN939 Powder for 3D Printing in 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Overview of IN939 Powder for 3D Printing<\/strong><\/h2>\n

IN939 is a high-performance nickel-based superalloy powder designed for additive manufacturing of critical components needing exceptional mechanical properties at high temperatures. This article provides a comprehensive guide to IN939 powder for 3D printing applications across aerospace, automotive, energy and industrial sectors.<\/p>\n

Key aspects covered include IN939 composition, properties, print parameters, applications, specifications, suppliers, handling, inspection, comparisons to alternatives, advantages and limitations, and frequently asked questions. Quantitative data is presented in easy-to-reference tables.<\/p>\n

Composition of IN939 Powder<\/strong><\/h3>\n

IN939 has a complex precipitation hardening alloy composition:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Element<\/th>\nHmotnostn\u00ed %<\/th>\n\u00da\u010del<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Nikl<\/td>\nBalance<\/td>\nHlavn\u00ed maticov\u00fd prvek<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chromium<\/td>\n15 – 18<\/td>\nOxida\u010dn\u00ed odolnost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hlin\u00edk<\/td>\n3.8 – 4.8<\/td>\nTvrzen\u00ed vytvrzov\u00e1n\u00edm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Titan<\/td>\n0.9 – 1.4<\/td>\nTvrzen\u00ed vytvrzov\u00e1n\u00edm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kobalt<\/td>\n12 – 15<\/td>\nSolid solution strengthening<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tantal<\/td>\n3.8 – 4.8<\/td>\nKarbidov\u00e1 d\u0159\u00edvka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Uhl\u00edk<\/td>\n0.05 – 0.15<\/td>\nKarbidov\u00e1 d\u0159\u00edvka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bor<\/td>\n0.006 – 0.012<\/td>\nGrain boundary strengthener<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Trace quantities of zirconium, magnesium and sulphur are also added for enhanced properties.<\/p>\n

Properties of IN939 Powder<\/strong><\/h3>\n

IN939 possesses an exceptional combination of properties:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Nemovitost<\/th>\nPopis<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
vysok\u00e1 pevnost<\/td>\nExcellent tensile and creep rupture strength up to 1050\u00a1\u00abC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tepeln\u00e1 stabilita<\/td>\nStrength maintained up to 1000\u00a1\u00abC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Creep resistance<\/td>\nHigh stress-rupture life at high temperatures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oxida\u010dn\u00ed odolnost<\/td>\nForms protective Cr2O3 oxide scale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Thermal fatigue resistance<\/td>\nResists cracking during thermal cycling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Phase stability<\/td>\nMicrostructure stable after prolonged exposures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Odolnost proti korozi<\/td>\nResistant to hot corrosion, oxidation, sulfidation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The properties enable use under extreme thermal and mechanical loads.<\/p>\n

3D Printing Parameters for IN939 Powder<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Typical AM processing parameters for IN939 include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Parametr<\/th>\nTypick\u00e1 hodnota<\/th>\n\u00da\u010del<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Layer thickness<\/td>\n20\u201350 \u00c3\u201em<\/td>\nRozli\u0161en\u00ed vs. rychlost sestaven\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00fdkon laseru<\/td>\n250-500 W<\/td>\nDostate\u010dn\u00e9 t\u00e1n\u00ed bez odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rychlost skenov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n800-1200 mm\/s<\/td>\nDensity vs production rate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rozte\u010d poklop\u016f<\/td>\n100-200 \u00c3\u00d7m<\/td>\nMechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Podp\u016frn\u00e1 struktura<\/td>\nMinim\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/td>\nSnadn\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Izostatick\u00e9 lisov\u00e1n\u00ed za tepla<\/td>\n1160\u00a1\u00abC, 100 MPa, 3h<\/td>\nOdstran\u011bn\u00ed p\u00f3rovitosti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Parameters are optimized for attributes like density, microstructure, build rate, and post-processing requirements.<\/p>\n

Applications of 3D Printed IN939 Parts<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Additively manufactured IN939 components serve critical applications including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Pr\u016fmysl<\/th>\nKomponenty<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Letectv\u00ed a kosmonautika<\/td>\nTurb\u00ednov\u00e9 lopatky, lopatky, spalovac\u00ed komory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00fdroba energie<\/td>\nHot gas path parts, heat exchangers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Automotivn\u00ed<\/td>\nTurbocharger wheels, valves<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chemick\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n\u010cerpadla, ventily, reak\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1doby<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Benefits over conventionally processed IN939 include complex geometries and reduced lead time.<\/p>\n

Specifications of IN939 Powder for 3D Printing<\/strong><\/h3>\n

IN939 powder for AM must meet exacting specifications:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Parametr<\/th>\nSpecifikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Velikost \u010d\u00e1stic<\/td>\n15-45 \u00c3\u00d7m typicky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tvar \u010d\u00e1stice<\/td>\nSf\u00e9rick\u00e1 morfologie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zd\u00e1nliv\u00e1 hustota<\/td>\n> 4 g\/cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hustota poklep\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n> 6 g\/cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hmotnostn\u00ed pr\u016ftok halou<\/td>\n> 23 s pro 50 g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u010cistota<\/td>\n>99.9%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Obsah kysl\u00edku<\/td>\n<100 ppm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tighter tolerances, custom size distributions, and controlled impurity levels available.<\/p>\n

Suppliers of IN939 Powder<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Reputable suppliers of IN939 powder include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Dodavatel<\/th>\nUm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Sandvik Osprey<\/td>\nSpojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Carpenter Additive<\/td>\nUSA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Praxair<\/td>\nUSA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AP&C<\/td>\nKanada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Erasteel<\/td>\n\u0160v\u00e9dsko<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AMETEK<\/td>\nUSA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Pricing for IN939 powder ranges from $110\/kg to over $220\/kg based on quality and order volume.<\/p>\n

Handling and Storage of IN939 Powder<\/strong><\/h3>\n

As a reactive powder, careful handling of IN939 is needed:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Store sealed containers in a cool, inert atmosphere<\/li>\n
  • Prevent contact with moisture, oxygen, acids<\/li>\n
  • Pou\u017e\u00edvejte \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b uzemn\u011bn\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/li>\n
  • Zabra\u0148te hromad\u011bn\u00ed prachu, abyste minimalizovali riziko v\u00fdbuchu.<\/li>\n
  • Doporu\u010den\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed ods\u00e1vac\u00ed v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n
  • Wear appropriate PPE while handling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Proper techniques and controls prevent IN939 powder oxidation or contamination.<\/p>\n

    Inspection and Testing of IN939 Powder<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    IN939 powder is validated using:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Metoda<\/th>\nTestovan\u00e9 parametry<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    S\u00edtov\u00fd rozbor<\/td>\nDistribuce velikosti \u010d\u00e1stic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Skenovac\u00ed elektronov\u00e1 mikroskopie<\/td>\nMorfologie \u010d\u00e1stic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EDX<\/td>\nChemie a slo\u017een\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    XRD<\/td>\nP\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 f\u00e1ze<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Pyknometrie<\/td>\nHustota<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Hmotnostn\u00ed pr\u016ftok halou<\/td>\nTe\u010den\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161k\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Testing per applicable ASTM standards ensures batch consistency.<\/p>\n

    Comparing IN939 to Alternative Alloy Powders<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    IN939 compares to other Ni-based superalloys as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Slitina<\/th>\nPevnost za vysok\u00fdch teplot<\/th>\nCena<\/th>\nMo\u017enost tisku<\/th>\nTa\u017enost<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    IN939<\/td>\nV\u00fdborn\u00fd<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nV\u00fdborn\u00fd<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    IN738<\/td>\nDobr\u00e9<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\nV\u00fdborn\u00fd<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    IN718<\/td>\nF\u00e9rov\u00e1<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00fd<\/td>\nDobr\u00e9<\/td>\nV\u00fdborn\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Hastelloy X<\/td>\nV\u00fdborn\u00fd<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nF\u00e9rov\u00e1<\/td>\nSt\u0159edn\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    For balanced properties and processability, IN939 supersedes alternatives like IN718 or Hastelloy X.<\/p>\n

    Pros and Cons of IN939 Powder for 3D Printing<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Klady<\/th>\nNev\u00fdhody<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Exceptional high temperature strength<\/td>\nExpensive compared to IN718<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Excellent oxidation and creep resistance<\/td>\nSignificant parameter optimization needed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Slo\u017eit\u00e9 geometrie jsou provediteln\u00e9<\/td>\nLimited room temperature ductility<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Faster processing than cast\/wrought<\/td>\nControlled storage and handling environment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Comparable properties to cast alloy<\/td>\nObt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed po tisku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    IN939 enables high-performance printed parts but with higher costs and controlled processing needs.<\/p>\n

    Frequently Asked Questions about IN939 Powder for 3D Printing<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Q: What particle size range works best for printing IN939?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: A particle size range of 15-45 microns provides good flowability combined with high resolution and density. Finer particles below 10 microns can improve density and surface finish.<\/p>\n

    Q: Does IN939 require any post-processing after 3D printing?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: Post processes like hot isostatic pressing, heat treatment, and machining are usually needed to eliminate porosity, relieve stresses, and achieve final tolerances and surface finish.<\/p>\n

    Q: What precision can be achieved with IN939 printed parts?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: After post-processing, dimensional accuracy and surface finish comparable to CNC machined parts can be achieved with IN939 AM components.<\/p>\n

    Q: Are support structures necessary for printing IN939 powder?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: Minimal supports are recommended for complex channels and overhangs to prevent deformation and facilitate easy removal. IN939 powder has good flowability.<\/p>\n

    Q: What alloy powder is the closest alternative to IN939 for AM?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: IN738 is the closest alternative in terms of balanced properties and maturity for additive manufacturing. Other alloys like IN718 or Hastelloy X have some trade-offs.<\/p>\n

    Q: Is IN939 compatible with direct metal laser sintering (DMLS)?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: Yes, IN939 is readily processable by major powder bed fusion techniques including DMLS along with selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM).<\/p>\n

    Q: What density is achievable with 3D printed IN939 components?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: With optimized parameters, densities over 99% are achievable, matching properties of traditionally processed IN939 products.<\/p>\n

    Q: How do the properties of printed IN939 compare to cast alloy?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: Additively manufactured IN939 exhibits comparable or better mechanical properties and microstructure compared to conventional cast and wrought forms.<\/p>\n

    Q: What defects can occur when printing with IN939 powder?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: Potential defects are cracking, distortion, porosity, surface roughness, incomplete fusion etc. Most can be prevented by proper parameter optimization and powder quality.<\/p>\n

    Q: Is hot isostatic pressing (HIP) mandatory for IN939 AM parts?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: HIP eliminates internal voids and improves fatigue resistance. For less demanding applications, heat treatment alone may suffice instead of HIP.<\/p>\n

    \n
    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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