Bestes Edelstahl 316L-Pulver für den 3D-Druck

Overview of Stainless Steel 316L Powder

316L stainless steel belongs to the austenitic class of stainless steels. The addition of 2-3% molybdenum along with nickel and chromium imparts excellent pitting and crevice corrosion resistance in harsh environments. The ‘L’ denotes lower carbon content to avoid carbide precipitation during welding.

Key characteristics of 316L powder include:

• Ausgezeichnete Korrosionsbeständigkeit in rauen Umgebungen
• High oxidation and sulfidation resistance at elevated temperatures
• Sehr gute Schweißbarkeit und Umformbarkeit
• Non-magnetic austenitic structure
• Erhältlich in einer Reihe von Partikelgrößenverteilungen

316L powder is suitable for applications requiring excellent corrosion resistance like chemical processing, pharmaceutical, food and beverage, marine equipment and biomedical implants. This article provides a detailed overview of 316L powder.

Chemical Composition of 316L Powder

The typical composition of 316L powder is:

Element	Gew.-%
Eisen (Fe)	Balanse
Chrom (Cr)	16-18%
Nickel (Ni)	10-14%
Molybdän (Mo)	2-3%
Mangan (Mn)	¨P 2%
Silizium (Si)	¨P 1%
Kohlenstoff (C)	¨P 0,03%
Phosphor (P)	¨P 0.045%
Schwefel (S)	¨P 0,03%

Nickel enhances corrosion resistance while molybdenum addition improves resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in environments containing chlorides. Low carbon content avoids carbide precipitation during welding.

Properties of 316L Powder

316L powder possesses the following properties:

Immobilie	Wert
Dichte	7,9-8,1 g/cm3
Schmelzpunkt	1370-1400¡«C
Wärmeleitfähigkeit	16 W/mK
Elektrischer Widerstand	0.75 Ã×´Î.cm
Elastizitätsmodul	190–210 GPa
Poissonzahl	0.27-0.30
Zugfestigkeit	485-620 MPa
Streckgrenze	170-310 MPa
Verlängerung	40-50%
Härte	79-95 HRC

316L offers excellent corrosion resistance combined with good formability and weldability. The austenitic structure provides good toughness and ductility.

Production Method for 316L Powder

Common production methods for 316L powder include:

• Gasverdüsung?- Inert gas jets disintegrate molten 316L alloy stream into fine spherical powders with controlled size distribution.
• Wasserzerstäubung?- High pressure water jet impacts and disintegrates molten metal to produce fine irregular powder particles.
• Mechanisches Legieren?- Kugelmahlen von gemischten Elementpulvern mit anschließendem Sintern und sekundärer Atomisierung.

Gas atomization allows excellent control over particle characteristics like size, shape, oxygen pickup and microstructure.

Applications of 316L Powder

Typical applications of 316L powder include:

• Additive Fertigung?- Powder bed fusion, binder jetting processes use 316L powder for chemical, marine, biomedical parts.
• Metallspritzguss?- To manufacture small, complex components needing corrosion resistance.
• Thermische Spritzbeschichtung?- Wire arc spray deposition to produce protective coatings in harsh environments.
• Schweißzusatzwerkstoffe?- Used as filler material for joining 316L components providing excellent weld strength.
• Chemische Verarbeitung?- Powder metallurgy vessels, trays, baskets used in chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

Specifications of 316L Powder

316L powder is available under different size ranges, shapes and purity levels:

• Teilchengröße:Von 10-45 Ã×m für AM-Verfahren, bis zu 150 Ã×m für thermische Spritzverfahren.
• Morphologie:?Spherical, irregular and blended particle shapes. Smooth spherical powder provides optimal flow.
• Reinheit:?From commercial to high purity (99.9%) tailored to application requirements.
• Sauerstoffgehalt:?Levels maintained at 100-1000 ppm for most applications.
• Durchflussmenge:Pulver nach Maß für Durchflussraten über 25 s/50 g.

Global Suppliers of 316L Powder

Some of the major global suppliers of 316L powder include:

• Sandvik Osprey (UK)
• Höganäs (Schweden)
• Carpenter Powder Products (USA)
• Praxair (USA)
• Oerlikon Metco (Schweiz)
• LPW Technology (UK)

These companies produce various grades of 316L powder tailored for additive manufacturing, thermal spray, metal injection molding and other applications.

Pricing of 316L Powder

316L powder prices depend on factors like:

• Reinheitsgrade
• Partikelcharakteristiken
• Bestellmenge
• Weitere Verarbeitung
• Hersteller und geografischer Standort

Note	Preisspanne
Commercial	15-25 € pro kg
Hohe Reinheit	25-50 € pro kg
Ultrafein	50–120 Euro pro kg
Extra	120–250 € pro kg

Gas atomized, controlled particle size, high purity powders command much higher pricing over regular commercial grade 316L powder.

Storage and Handling of 316L Powder

316L powder should be handled with care to:

• Prevent contact with moisture, acids etc. leading to corrosion
• Avoid fine powder accumulation to minimize risk of dust explosions
• Use proper ventilation, PPE when handling fine powders
• Follow recommended practices from supplier SDS
• Store sealed containers in a dry, inert atmosphere

Proper protective measures must be taken when handling reactive alloy powders like 316L.

Inspektion und Prüfung von 316L-Pulver

Key quality control tests performed on 316L powder:

• Chemische Analyse mit OES oder XRF, um sicherzustellen, dass die Zusammensetzung innerhalb der zulässigen Grenzen liegt
• Korngrößenverteilung gemäß ASTM B822-Standard
• Morphologieanalyse durch REM-Bildgebung
• Pulverflussrate gemessen nach ASTM B213 Standard
• Dichtebestimmung mittels Helium-Pyknometrie
• Unreinheitsanalyse durch ICP-MS
• Charakterisierung des Mikrogefüges durch Röntgenbeugung

Thorough testing ensures the powder meets the required chemical, physical and microstructural characteristics for the intended application.

Comparison Between 316L and 304L Stainless Steel Powders

316L and 304L stainless steel powders compared:

Parameter	316L	304L
Komposition	Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo	Fe-Cr-Ni
Korrosionsbeständigkeit	Viel besser	Gut
Kosten	Höher	Niedriger
Temperaturbeständigkeit	Besser	Gut
Schweißbarkeit	Ausgezeichnet	Ausgezeichnet
Verfügbarkeit	Mittelmässig	Ausgezeichnet
ANWENDUNGEN	Marine, chemical industry	Konsumgüter, Haushaltsgeräte

316L offers substantially better corrosion resistance whereas 304L is more economical for less demanding applications.

316L Powder FAQs

Q: How is 316L stainless steel powder produced?

A: 316L powder is commercially produced using gas atomization, water atomization and mechanical alloying followed by sintering. Gas atomization offers the best control of powder characteristics.

Q: What are the main applications of 316L powder?

A: Key applications for 316L powder include additive manufacturing, metal injection molding, thermal spray coatings, and powder metallurgy parts for chemical, marine, pharmaceutical and food industries needing excellent corrosion resistance.

Q: What is the recommended 316L powder size for binder jetting AM?

A: For binder jetting process, the typical 316L powder size range is 20-45 microns with spherical morphology for optimal powder bed density and binder infiltration.

Q: Does 316L powder require special handling precautions?

A: Yes, 316L is a reactive alloy powder and should be handled carefully under controlled humidity and inert atmosphere using proper grounding, ventilation and PPE.

Q: Where can I buy 316L powder suitable for biomedical implants?

A: High purity, gas atomized 316L powder meeting biomedical specifications can be purchased from leading manufacturers like Sandvik Osprey, Hoganas, Carpenter Powder Products and LPW Technology.