Polvo metálico para impresión 3D

Descripción general del polvo de impresión 3D metálico

Metal 3D printing is revolutionizing manufacturing, offering unprecedented design flexibility, reduced waste, and the ability to create complex geometries that were previously impossible. Central to this technology is the metal powder used in the printing process. These powders are finely milled metals and alloys that are essential for producing high-quality, reliable 3D printed parts. This guide will delve into various types of metal 3D printing powders, their compositions, properties, applications, and other critical details to help you navigate the world of metal 3D printing.

Types and Compositions of Metal 3D Printing Powders

Polvo metálico	Composición	Propiedades	Características
Acero Inoxidable	Iron, Carbon, Chromium, Nickel, Molybdenum	Resistencia a la corrosión, solidez, durabilidad	Ideal for medical, automotive, and aerospace parts
Titanium Alloy (Ti6Al4V)	Titanio, aluminio, vanadio	Elevada relación resistencia/peso, biocompatible	Used in aerospace, medical implants, and automotive
Aleación de aluminio (AlSi10Mg)	Aluminio, silicio, magnesio	Ligero, buenas propiedades térmicas	Perfect for automotive, aerospace, and tooling
Inconel (IN718)	Níquel, cromo, hierro, niobio, molibdeno	Resistencia a altas temperaturas, resistente a la corrosión	Suitable for aerospace, energy, and high-stress parts
Cromo-cobalto (CoCr)	Cobalto, cromo, molibdeno	Alta resistencia al desgaste, biocompatible	Común en implantes dentales y ortopédicos
Acero para herramientas (H13)	Hierro, carbono, cromo, molibdeno, vanadio	Gran dureza, resistencia al desgaste	Used for tools, molds, and dies
Acero martensítico envejecido (MS1)	Hierro, níquel, cobalto, molibdeno	Alta resistencia, buena tenacidad	Ideal for high-strength parts and tooling
Cobre	Cobre puro	Excelente conductividad térmica y eléctrica	Used in electronics and heat exchangers
Bronce	Cobre, estaño	Alta resistencia, buena resistencia al desgaste	Common in art, sculpture, and some engineering parts
Aleación de níquel (Hastelloy X)	Níquel, cromo, hierro, molibdeno	Oxidation and corrosion-resistant, high-temperature stability	Suitable for chemical processing and aerospace

Aplicaciones de Polvo metálico para impresión 3D

Industria	Aplicación	Polvo metálico utilizado
Aeroespacial	Engine components, structural parts, fuel nozzles	Titanio, Inconel, Aluminio
Automovilístico	Lightweight components, engine parts, prototyping	Aluminio, titanio, acero inoxidable
Médico	Implantes, prótesis, instrumentos quirúrgicos	Titanium, Cobalt-Chrome, Stainless Steel
Herramientas	Moldes, matrices, herramientas de corte	Acero para herramientas, acero martensítico envejecido
Energía	Turbine blades, heat exchangers, fuel cells	Inconel, Copper
Electrónica	Heat sinks, electrical connectors, antennas	Copper, Bronze
Arte y joyería	Sculptures, customized jewelry	Bronze, Stainless Steel
Defensa	Blindaje ligero, componentes estructurales	Titanium, Inconel
Fabricación industrial	Production tooling, custom machinery parts	Acero para herramientas, acero martensítico envejecido

Specifications, Sizes, Grades, Standards of Metal 3D Printing Powders

Polvo metálico	Tamaño de las partículas (μm)	Grado	Normas
Acero Inoxidable	15-45, 45-106	316L, 17-4PH	ASTM A564, ASTM A240
Titanium Alloy (Ti6Al4V)	15-45, 45-90	5.º grado	ASTM B348, ASTM F2924
Aleación de aluminio (AlSi10Mg)	15-45, 45-63	4032, 7075	ASTM B209, ASTM B308
Inconel (IN718)	15-45, 45-106	718	ASTM B637, AMS 5662
Cromo-cobalto (CoCr)	15-45, 45-106	CoCrMo	ASTM F1537, ISO 5832-4
Acero para herramientas (H13)	15-45, 45-90	H13	ASTM A681
Acero martensítico envejecido (MS1)	15-45, 45-106	EM1	AMS 6514
Cobre	15-45, 45-75	C101, C110	ASTM B170, ASTM B152
Bronce	15-45, 45-106	C83600	ASTM B584
Aleación de níquel (Hastelloy X)	15-45, 45-90	HX	ASTM B435, AMS 5536

Suppliers and Pricing Details of Polvos metálicos para impresión 3D

Proveedor	Polvo metálico	Precio (por kg)	Disponibilidad
Höganäs AB	Acero inoxidable, acero para herramientas	$100 – $200	Worldwide
Tecnología Carpenter	Titanium Alloy, Inconel	$300 – $500	Norteamérica, Europa
EOS GmbH	Aluminum Alloy, Maraging Steel	$150 – $250	Worldwide
Sandvik	Cromo-cobalto, acero inoxidable	$200 – $400	Worldwide
Aditivos GKN	Various (Custom Orders)	$150 – $600	Worldwide
Tecnología LPW	Nickel Alloy, Copper	$250 – $450	Worldwide
AP&C (Arcam)	Titanium Alloy, Inconel	$350 – $550	Worldwide
Tecnologías de superficie Praxair	Varios	$150 – $500	Norteamérica, Europa
Kennametal	Tool Steel, Cobalt-Chrome	$200 – $450	Worldwide
Renishaw	Acero inoxidable, aleación de aluminio	$100 – $300	Worldwide

Advantages and Disadvantages of Metal 3D Printing Powders

Aspecto	Ventajas	Desventajas
Flexibilidad de diseño	Create complex geometries, customization	Limited by current printer technology
Eficiencia material	Less waste compared to traditional machining	High cost of raw materials
Propiedades Mecánicas	High strength, durability, tailored material properties	Potential porosity and defects if not properly controlled
Velocidad de producción	Faster prototyping and production times	Slower for large-scale production
Coste	Reduced tooling and setup costs for small batches	Elevada inversión inicial en equipos
SOLICITUDES	Suitable for various industries (medical, aerospace, etc.)	Not all metals are suitable for 3D printing
Personalización	Easy to customize and iterate designs	Post-processing may be required for smooth finishes
Sostenibilidad	Lower material wastage, potential for recycling powders	Proceso de alto consumo energético

Comparison of Popular Polvos metálicos para impresión 3D

Polvo metálico	Fuerza	Durabilidad	Coste	Lo mejor para
Acero Inoxidable	Alto	Excelente	Moderado	Medical, Automotive, Aerospace
Titanium Alloy (Ti6Al4V)	Muy alto	Sobresaliente	Alto	Aerospace, Medical Implants
Aleación de aluminio (AlSi10Mg)	Moderado	Bien	Bajo	Automoción, aeroespacial
Inconel (IN718)	Muy alto	Excellent (High Temp)	Alto	Aeroespacial, Energía
Cromo-cobalto (CoCr)	Alto	Excelente	Alto	Medical Implants, Dental
Acero para herramientas (H13)	Muy alto	Excelente	Moderado	Tooling, Molds, Dies
Acero martensítico envejecido (MS1)	Extremadamente alto	Muy bueno	Alto	High-Strength Parts, Tooling
Cobre	Bajo	Moderado	Bajo	Electronics, Thermal Applications
Bronce	Moderado	Bien	Moderado	Art, Sculpture
Aleación de níquel (Hastelloy X)	Alto	Excellent (Corrosion/Heat)	Alto	Chemical Processing, Aerospace

Preguntas frecuentes (FAQ)

Pregunta	Respuesta
What is metal 3D printing powder?	Finely milled metals or alloys used as the raw material for 3D printing metal parts.
How does metal 3D printing work?	Using a laser or electron beam to fuse metal powder layer by layer to build up a part from a digital model.
What are the advantages of metal 3D printing?	Design flexibility, material efficiency, high mechanical properties, faster prototyping, and reduced waste.
What are the common metals used in 3D printing?	Stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, Inconel, cobalt-chrome, tool steel, maraging steel, copper, bronze, nickel.
Can all metals be 3D printed?	Not all metals are suitable; some require specific conditions or are not economically feasible to print.
What industries benefit from metal 3D printing?	Aerospace, automotive, medical, tooling, energy, electronics, art, defense, and industrial manufacturing.
How do I choose the right metal powder?	Consider the application, required properties, cost, and compatibility with your 3D printer.
Is post-processing required for 3D printed metal parts?	Often yes, to improve surface finish, mechanical properties, or to remove supports.
What are the challenges of metal 3D printing?	High cost, potential defects, limited material choices, and the need for precise control of the printing process.
Where can I buy metal 3D printing powder?	From specialized suppliers like Höganäs AB, Carpenter Technology, EOS GmbH, Sandvik, GKN Additive, and others.

Conclusiones

Metal 3D printing powders play a crucial role in the additive manufacturing industry, offering the ability to create high-quality, complex parts across various sectors. From aerospace to medical, the choice of metal powder impacts the final product’s performance, cost, and feasibility. Understanding the properties, applications, and specifications of these powders can help you make informed decisions for your manufacturing needs. Whether you’re looking to prototype quickly or produce high-strength, durable components, there’s a metal 3D printing powder suited to your requirements.

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