{"id":3876,"date":"2024-03-18T06:10:10","date_gmt":"2024-03-18T06:10:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3dp.45612300.xyz\/product\/best-in939-powder-for-3d-printing-in-2023\/"},"modified":"2024-03-18T06:10:10","modified_gmt":"2024-03-18T06:10:10","slug":"best-in939-powder-for-3d-printing-in-2023","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/fr\/product\/best-in939-powder-for-3d-printing-in-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"La meilleure poudre IN939 pour l'impression 3D en 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Overview of IN939 Powder for 3D Printing<\/strong><\/h2>\n

IN939 is a high-performance nickel-based superalloy powder designed for additive manufacturing of critical components needing exceptional mechanical properties at high temperatures. This article provides a comprehensive guide to IN939 powder for 3D printing applications across aerospace, automotive, energy and industrial sectors.<\/p>\n

Key aspects covered include IN939 composition, properties, print parameters, applications, specifications, suppliers, handling, inspection, comparisons to alternatives, advantages and limitations, and frequently asked questions. Quantitative data is presented in easy-to-reference tables.<\/p>\n

Composition of IN939 Powder<\/strong><\/h3>\n

IN939 has a complex precipitation hardening alloy composition:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00e9l\u00e9ment<\/th>\n% en poids<\/th>\nObjectif<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Nickel<\/td>\n\u00c9quilibre<\/td>\n\u00c9l\u00e9ment principal de la matrice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chromium<\/td>\n15 – 18<\/td>\nR\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l'oxydation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Aluminium<\/td>\n3.8 – 4.8<\/td>\nDurcissement structural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Titane<\/td>\n0.9 – 1.4<\/td>\nDurcissement structural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cobalt<\/td>\n12 – 15<\/td>\nRenforcement de la solution solide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tantale<\/td>\n3.8 – 4.8<\/td>\nForme en carbure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Carbone<\/td>\n0.05 – 0.15<\/td>\nForme en carbure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bore<\/td>\n0.006 – 0.012<\/td>\nGrain boundary strengthener<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Trace quantities of zirconium, magnesium and sulphur are also added for enhanced properties.<\/p>\n

Properties of IN939 Powder<\/strong><\/h3>\n

IN939 possesses an exceptional combination of properties:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 immobili\u00e8re<\/th>\nDescription<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
haute r\u00e9sistance<\/td>\nExcellent tensile and creep rupture strength up to 1050\u00a1\u00abC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stabilit\u00e9 thermique<\/td>\nStrength maintained up to 1000\u00a1\u00abC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R\u00e9sistance au fluage<\/td>\nHigh stress-rupture life at high temperatures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l'oxydation<\/td>\nForms protective Cr2O3 oxide scale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la fatigue thermique<\/td>\nR\u00e9siste \u00e0 la fissuration pendant les cycles thermiques<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stabilit\u00e9 de la phase<\/td>\nMicrostructure stable after prolonged exposures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la corrosion<\/td>\nResistant to hot corrosion, oxidation, sulfidation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The properties enable use under extreme thermal and mechanical loads.<\/p>\n

3D Printing Parameters for IN939 Powder<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Typical AM processing parameters for IN939 include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Param\u00e8tre<\/th>\nValeur typique<\/th>\nObjectif<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Layer thickness<\/td>\n20-50 \u00b5m<\/td>\nR\u00e9solution vs vitesse de construction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Puissance du laser<\/td>\n250-500 W<\/td>\nFusion suffisante sans \u00e9vaporation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vitesse de balayage<\/td>\n800-1200 mm\/s<\/td>\nDensity vs production rate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Espacement des trappes<\/td>\n100-200 \u00c3\u00d7m<\/td>\nPropri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Structure de soutien<\/td>\nMinime<\/td>\nRetrait facile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pressage isostatique \u00e0 chaud<\/td>\n1160\u00a1\u00abC, 100 MPa, 3h<\/td>\n\u00c9liminer la porosit\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Parameters are optimized for attributes like density, microstructure, build rate, and post-processing requirements.<\/p>\n

Applications of 3D Printed IN939 Parts<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Additively manufactured IN939 components serve critical applications including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Industrie<\/th>\nComposantes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
A\u00e9rospatial<\/td>\nAubages de turbine, tuy\u00e8res, chambres de combustion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Production d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9<\/td>\nHot gas path parts, heat exchangers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Automobile<\/td>\nTurbocharger wheels, valves<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Traitement chimique<\/td>\nPompes, vannes, cuves de r\u00e9action<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Benefits over conventionally processed IN939 include complex geometries and reduced lead time.<\/p>\n

Specifications of IN939 Powder for 3D Printing<\/strong><\/h3>\n

IN939 powder for AM must meet exacting specifications:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Param\u00e8tre<\/th>\nSp\u00e9cification<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Granulom\u00e9trie<\/td>\n15-45 \u00c3\u00d7m typique<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Forme des particules<\/td>\nMorphologie sph\u00e9rique<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Densit\u00e9 apparente<\/td>\n> 4 g\/cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Densit\u00e9 de tassement<\/td>\n> 6 g\/cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D\u00e9bit de hall<\/td>\n> 23 secondes pour 50 g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Puret\u00e9<\/td>\n>99,9%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Teneur en oxyg\u00e8ne<\/td>\n<100 ppm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tighter tolerances, custom size distributions, and controlled impurity levels available.<\/p>\n

Suppliers of IN939 Powder<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Reputable suppliers of IN939 powder include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Fournisseur<\/th>\nLieu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Sandvik Osprey<\/td>\nRoyaume-Uni<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Carpenter Additive<\/td>\n\u00c9tats-Unis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Praxair<\/td>\n\u00c9tats-Unis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AP&C<\/td>\nCanada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Erasteel<\/td>\nLa Su\u00e8de<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AMETEK<\/td>\n\u00c9tats-Unis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Pricing for IN939 powder ranges from $110\/kg to over $220\/kg based on quality and order volume.<\/p>\n

Handling and Storage of IN939 Powder<\/strong><\/h3>\n

As a reactive powder, careful handling of IN939 is needed:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Store sealed containers in a cool, inert atmosphere<\/li>\n
  • Prevent contact with moisture, oxygen, acids<\/li>\n
  • Utiliser un \u00e9quipement correctement mis \u00e0 la terre<\/li>\n
  • \u00c9viter l'accumulation de poussi\u00e8re pour minimiser le risque d'explosion<\/li>\n
  • Une ventilation locale par aspiration est recommand\u00e9e<\/li>\n
  • Wear appropriate PPE while handling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Proper techniques and controls prevent IN939 powder oxidation or contamination.<\/p>\n

    Inspection and Testing of IN939 Powder<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    IN939 powder is validated using:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    M\u00e9thode<\/th>\nParam\u00e8tres test\u00e9s<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Analyse granulom\u00e9trique<\/td>\nDistribution de la taille des particules<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Imagerie MEB<\/td>\nMorphologie des particules<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EDX<\/td>\nChimie et composition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    XRD<\/td>\nPhases pr\u00e9sentes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Pycnom\u00e9trie<\/td>\nDensit\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    D\u00e9bit de hall<\/td>\nCoulance des poudres<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Testing per applicable ASTM standards ensures batch consistency.<\/p>\n

    Comparing IN939 to Alternative Alloy Powders<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    IN939 compares to other Ni-based superalloys as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Alliage<\/th>\nHaute r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la temp\u00e9rature<\/th>\nCo\u00fbt<\/th>\nImprimabilit\u00e9<\/th>\nDucilit\u00e9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    IN939<\/td>\nExcellent<\/td>\n\u00c9lev\u00e9<\/td>\nExcellent<\/td>\nBas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    IN738<\/td>\nBien<\/td>\nMoyen<\/td>\nExcellent<\/td>\nMoyen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    IN718<\/td>\nFoire<\/td>\nBas<\/td>\nBien<\/td>\nExcellent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Hastelloy X<\/td>\nExcellent<\/td>\n\u00c9lev\u00e9<\/td>\nFoire<\/td>\nMoyen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    For balanced properties and processability, IN939 supersedes alternatives like IN718 or Hastelloy X.<\/p>\n

    Pros and Cons of IN939 Powder for 3D Printing<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    * N\u00e9cessaire pour les personnes qui ont des probl\u00e8mes de mobilit\u00e9\n* Peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour le transport de marchandises\n* Peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour les loisirs, comme le camping\n* Peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour explorer des zones recul\u00e9es\n* Peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour les livraisons de nourriture\n* Peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour les services de messagerie\n* Peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour les services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9\n* Peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour les services d'urgence\n* Peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour les op\u00e9rations militaires\n\nCons\n\n* Peut \u00eatre cher \u00e0 l'achat\n* Peut \u00eatre cher \u00e0 entretenir\n* Peut \u00eatre difficile \u00e0 conduire dans des espaces confin\u00e9s\n* Peut \u00eatre difficile \u00e0 garer\n* Peut \u00eatre bruyant\n* Peut \u00eatre polluant<\/th>\nInconv\u00e9nients<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Exceptional high temperature strength<\/td>\nExpensive compared to IN718<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Excellent oxidation and creep resistance<\/td>\nSignificant parameter optimization needed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    G\u00e9om\u00e9tries complexes r\u00e9alisables<\/td>\nLimited room temperature ductility<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Faster processing than cast\/wrought<\/td>\nControlled storage and handling environment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Comparable properties to cast alloy<\/td>\nDifficult to machine after printing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    IN939 enables high-performance printed parts but with higher costs and controlled processing needs.<\/p>\n

    Frequently Asked Questions about IN939 Powder for 3D Printing<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Q: What particle size range works best for printing IN939?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: A particle size range of 15-45 microns provides good flowability combined with high resolution and density. Finer particles below 10 microns can improve density and surface finish.<\/p>\n

    Q: Does IN939 require any post-processing after 3D printing?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: Post processes like hot isostatic pressing, heat treatment, and machining are usually needed to eliminate porosity, relieve stresses, and achieve final tolerances and surface finish.<\/p>\n

    Q: What precision can be achieved with IN939 printed parts?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: After post-processing, dimensional accuracy and surface finish comparable to CNC machined parts can be achieved with IN939 AM components.<\/p>\n

    Q: Are support structures necessary for printing IN939 powder?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: Minimal supports are recommended for complex channels and overhangs to prevent deformation and facilitate easy removal. IN939 powder has good flowability.<\/p>\n

    Q: What alloy powder is the closest alternative to IN939 for AM?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: IN738 is the closest alternative in terms of balanced properties and maturity for additive manufacturing. Other alloys like IN718 or Hastelloy X have some trade-offs.<\/p>\n

    Q: Is IN939 compatible with direct metal laser sintering (DMLS)?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: Yes, IN939 is readily processable by major powder bed fusion techniques including DMLS along with selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM).<\/p>\n

    Q: What density is achievable with 3D printed IN939 components?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: With optimized parameters, densities over 99% are achievable, matching properties of traditionally processed IN939 products.<\/p>\n

    Q: How do the properties of printed IN939 compare to cast alloy?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: Additively manufactured IN939 exhibits comparable or better mechanical properties and microstructure compared to conventional cast and wrought forms.<\/p>\n

    Q: What defects can occur when printing with IN939 powder?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: Potential defects are cracking, distortion, porosity, surface roughness, incomplete fusion etc. Most can be prevented by proper parameter optimization and powder quality.<\/p>\n

    Q: Is hot isostatic pressing (HIP) mandatory for IN939 AM parts?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: HIP eliminates internal voids and improves fatigue resistance. For less demanding applications, heat treatment alone may suffice instead of HIP.<\/p>\n

    \n
    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    <\/span><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Pr\u00e9sentation de la poudre IN939 pour l'impression 3D L'IN939 est une poudre de superalliage haute performance \u00e0 base de nickel con\u00e7ue pour la fabrication additive de composants critiques n\u00e9cessitant des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques exceptionnelles \u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature. Cet article fournit un guide complet de la poudre IN939 pour les applications d'impression 3D dans les secteurs de l'a\u00e9rospatiale, de l'automobile, de l'\u00e9nergie et de l'industrie. Les principaux aspects abord\u00e9s sont la composition, les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s,...<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":1757,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":""},"product-category":[119,120],"class_list":["post-3876","product","type-product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","product-category-3d-printing-metal-powder","product-category-high-temperature-alloy-powder"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"product-category":[{"value":119,"label":"3D Printing Metal Powder"},{"value":120,"label":"High Temperature Alloy Powder"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IN939.png",400,300,false],"author_info":[],"comment_info":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/3876","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1757"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3876"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product-category?post=3876"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}