Bubuk CoCrMo
Gambaran Umum Serbuk CoCrMo CoCrMo adalah serbuk paduan kobalt-kromium-molibdenum yang banyak digunakan dalam pembuatan aditif logam untuk aplikasi biomedis, gigi, kedirgantaraan, dan industri yang membutuhkan ketahanan aus dan biokompatibilitas. Artikel ini memberikan panduan terperinci untuk bubuk CoCrMo yang mencakup komposisi, properti, parameter proses AM, aplikasi, spesifikasi, pemasok, penanganan, inspeksi, perbandingan, pro dan kontra, dan FAQ. Kunci
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Overview of CoCrMo Powder
CoCrMo is a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy powder widely used in metal additive manufacturing for biomedical, dental, aerospace, and industrial applications needing wear resistance and biocompatibility.
This article provides a detailed guide to CoCrMo powder covering composition, properties, AM process parameters, applications, specifications, suppliers, handling, inspection, comparisons, pros and cons, and FAQs. Key information is presented in easy-to-reference tables.
Composition of CoCrMo Powder
The composition of CoCrMo alloy powder is:
| unsur | Berat % | Makna |
|---|---|---|
| Kobalt | 58-69 | Matrix element, biocompatibility |
| Krom | 26-30 | Corrosion resistance, wear resistance |
| Molybdenum | 5-7 | Kekuatan, ketahanan aus |
| Karbon | 0.05-0.35 | Carbide former |
| Silikon | 1 max | Deoxidizer |
| Mangan | 1 max | Deoxidizer |
| Besi | 0.75 max | Contamination limit |
The high cobalt content provides biocompatibility while chromium and molybdenum impart strength and wear resistance.
Properties of CoCrMo Powder
Key properties of CoCrMo powder include:
| Property | Deskripsi |
|---|---|
| biokompatibilitas | Excellent compatibility with human body tissues |
| Ketahanan aus | High abrasion and sliding wear resistance |
| Tahanan terhadap korosi | Resistant to body fluids and many chemicals |
| Kekuatan | Tensile strength up to 1310 MPa when work hardened |
| Kekerasan | Up to 54 HRC when age hardened |
| Kekuatan Lelah | Suitable for cyclical dynamic loading |
The properties enable use for load-bearing implants and devices.
AM Process Parameters for CoCrMo Powder
Typical parameters for printing CoCrMo powder include:
| Parameter | Nilai tipikal | Makna |
|---|---|---|
| Tinggi lapisan | 20-50 ×m | Resolution vs build speed |
| Kekuatan laser | 150-400 W | Melting condition without vaporization |
| Kecepatan pemindaian | 400-1200 mm/s | Kepadatan versus laju produksi |
| Jarak penetasan | 80-120 Î ± m | Sifat mekanik |
| Supports | Tree or lattice | Overhangs, internal channels |
| Penekanan isostatik panas | 1220¡«C, 100 MPa, 3 hrs | Menghilangkan porositas |
Parameter yang disesuaikan untuk densitas, struktur mikro, laju pembentukan dan persyaratan pasca-pemrosesan.
Applications of 3D Printed CoCrMo Parts
AM CoCrMo components are used in:
| Industri | APLIKASI |
|---|---|
| Perubatan | Knee/hip implants, dental crowns, surgical tools |
| Aeroangkasa | Bilah turbin, komponen mesin |
| Otomotif | Valve seats, turbocharger wheels |
| Perindustrian | Wear-resistant tooling, flanges, seals |
| Minyak dan Gas | Valve parts, pumps |
Benefits versus wrought CoCrMo include complex geometries, customized implants, reduced costs and lead times.
Specifications of CoCrMo Powder for AM
CoCrMo powder must meet strict specifications:
| Parameter | Spesifikasi |
|---|---|
| Rentang ukuran partikel | Tipikal 15-45 ¼ m |
| Bentuk Partikel | Morfologi bulat |
| Kepadatan Semu | > 4 g/cc |
| Kepadatan Ketuk | > 6 g/cc |
| Debit aliran ruangan | > 23 detik untuk 50 g |
| Kemurnian | > 99,9% |
| Kandungan Oksigen | <1000 ppm |
Distribusi ukuran khusus dan tingkat kelembapan yang terkendali tersedia.
Suppliers of CoCrMo Powder
Reputable CoCrMo powder suppliers include:
| Pemasok | Lokasi |
|---|---|
| Carpenter Aditif | Amerika Serikat |
| Sandvik Osprey | Inggris |
| Erasteel | Swedia |
| AP&C | Kanada |
| Teknologi LPW | Inggris |
| Arcam AB | Swedia |
Pricing ranges from $50/kg to $120/kg based on quality considerations and order volume.
Handling and Storage of CoCrMo Powder
As a reactive material, careful CoCrMo powder handling is essential:
- Store sealed containers away from moisture, acids, ignition sources
- Prevent exposure to air and use inert gas padding
- Peralatan arde untuk menghilangkan muatan statis
- Avoid dust accumulation and use dust extraction
- Local exhaust ventilation recommended
- Follow safety data sheet precautions
Teknik yang tepat memastikan kondisi bedak yang optimal.
Inspection and Testing of CoCrMo Powder
Metode pengujian kualitas meliputi:
| Metode | Parameter yang Diuji |
|---|---|
| Analisis ayak | Pembagian Ukuran Partikel |
| Pencitraan SEM | Morfologi partikel |
| EDX | Kimia dan komposisi |
| XRD | Fase yang ada |
| Pycnometry | Kepadatan |
| Debit aliran ruangan | Kemampuan aliran bubuk |
Pengujian sesuai standar ASTM memverifikasi kualitas bubuk dan konsistensi batch.
Comparing CoCrMo to Alternative Alloy Powders
CoCrMo compares to other alloys as:
| Aloi | biokompatibilitas | Kekuatan | Biaya | Kemampuan cetak |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CoCrMo | Luar biasa | Sedang | Sedang | Baik |
| Titanium Ti64 | Baik | Rendah | Tinggi | Adil |
| Stainless steel 316L | Baik | Sedang | Sedang | Luar biasa |
| Inconel 718 | Kurang | Tinggi | Tinggi | Baik |
CoCrMo provides the best combination of biocompatibility, strength, and printability for many applications.
Pros and Cons of CoCrMo Powder for AM
| Kelebihan | Kekurangan |
|---|---|
| Biokompatibilitas dan ketahanan korosi yang sangat baik | Limited high temperature capability |
| Very good wear and abrasion resistance | Susceptible to porosity during printing |
| Readily 3D printable and weldable | Requires controlled atmosphere handling |
| Cost advantage versus titanium alloys | Post-processing often needed |
| Can match wrought material properties | Lower fracture toughness than stainless steels |
CoCrMo enables functional metal implants and components, albeit with controlled processing requirements.
Frequently Asked Questions about CoCrMo Powder
Q: What particle size range works best for 3D printing CoCrMo alloy?
A: A typical range is 15-45 microns. It provides good powder flowability combined with high resolution and density.
Q: What post-processing methods are used on CoCrMo AM parts?
A: Hot isostatic pressing, heat treatment, surface machining, and polishing are commonly used post-processes for achieving full density and surface finish.
Q: Which metal 3D printing processes are compatible with CoCrMo alloy?
A: Selective laser melting (SLM), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and electron beam melting (EBM) can all process CoCrMo powder.
Q: What industries use additively manufactured CoCrMo components?
A: Medical, dental, aerospace, automotive, oil and gas, and industrial sectors benefit from 3D printed CoCrMo parts.
Q: Does CoCrMo require support structures during 3D printing?
A: Yes, supports are needed on overhangs and internal channels to prevent deformation and allow easy removal after printing.
Q: What defects can occur when printing CoCrMo powder?
A: Potential defects are porosity, cracking, distortion, incomplete fusion, and surface roughness. Most can be prevented with optimized parameters.
Q: What type of biocompatibility testing is done on CoCrMo alloys?
A: Cytotoxicity, sensitization, irritation, systemic toxicity, genotoxicity, and implantation testing per standards like ISO 10993 are conducted.
Q: How are the properties of printed CoCrMo compared to cast alloy?
A: AM CoCrMo components can achieve mechanical properties on par or better than cast and annealed counterparts when optimized.
Q: What are the main differences between CoCr F75 and SP2 alloys?
A: F75 has higher carbon for better machinability while SP2 has lower carbon plus niobium for improved particle melting behavior during printing.
Q: What density can be expected with 3D printed CoCrMo components?
A: Density above 99% is achievable for CoCrMo with ideal parameters tailored for the alloy, matching wrought material properties.
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