Best in718 powder for 3D printing

Overview of IN718 Powder

IN718 is a precipitation hardenable nickel-based superalloy powder widely used for additive manufacturing, owing to its good strength, corrosion resistance, weldability and processability. This article provides a detailed guide to IN718 powder.

Key aspects covered include composition, properties, AM print parameters, applications, specifications, suppliers, handling, inspection methods, comparisons to alternatives, pros and cons, and FAQs. Tables are used to present quantitative data in an easy-to-reference format.

Composition of IN718 Powder

The composition of IN718 is:

Elemento	% Peso	Scopo
Nickel	50 – 55	Elemento della matrice principale
Chromium	17 – 21	Resistenza all'ossidazione
Ferro	Equilibrio	Rinforzatore di soluzioni solide
Niobio	4.75 – 5.5	Tempra per precipitazione
Molibdeno	2.8 – 3.3	Solid solution strengthening
Titanio	0.65 – 1.15	Formatore in carburo
Alluminio	0.2 – 0.8	Tempra per precipitazione
Carbonio	0,08 max	Formatore in carburo

Trace amounts of cobalt, boron, copper and magnesium are also added.

Properties of IN718 Powder

Key properties of IN718 include:

Proprietà	Descrizione
elevata resistenza	Tensile strength 1050 – 1350 MPa
Phase stability	Retains properties after prolonged use up to 700¡«C
Resistenza alla corrosione	Resistant to aqueous corrosion and oxidation
Saldabilità	Excellent weldability using matching filler material
Fabricability	Easy to form and machine
Creep resistance	High stress rupture strength at high temperatures

The properties make IN718 suitable for the most demanding applications.

3D Printing Parameters for IN718 Powder

Typical parameters for printing IN718 powder include:

Parametro	Valore tipico	Scopo
Altezza dello strato	20 – 50 Ã×m	Balance speed and resolution
Potenza laser	195 – 350 W	Sufficiente fusione senza evaporazione
Velocità di scansione	700 – 1300 mm/s	Density versus build rate
Distanza tra i boccaporti	80 – 160 Ã×m	Proprietà meccaniche
Support structure	Minimo	Easy removal
Pressatura isostatica a caldo	1120¡«C, 100 MPa, 3h	Eliminare i vuoti interni

The parameters depend on factors like build geometry, temperature management and post-processing requirements.

Applications of 3D Printed IN718 Parts

IN718 parts made by AM are used in:

Industria	Componenti
Aerospaziale	Engine components like turbine blades, discs
Generazione energetica	Combustion cans, transition ducts
Olio e gas	Downhole tools, valves, pumps
Automotive	Turbocharger wheels, exhaust valves
Medico	Impianti ortopedici, strumenti chirurgici

Benefits over wrought IN718 include complex geometries, reduced lead times and buy-to-fly ratios.

Specifications of IN718 Powder for AM

IN718 powder must meet the following specifications for 3D printing:

Parametro	Specificazione
Intervallo dimensionale delle particelle	10 – 45 Ã×m
Forma delle particelle	Morfologia sferica
Densità apparente	Typically > 4 g/cc
Densità del materiale compattato	> 6 g/cc
Portata del corridoio	> 23 sec per 50 g
Purezza	>99,9%
Contenuto di ossigeno	<100 ppm

Custom size distributions and tightly controlled composition available.

Suppliers of IN718 Powder

Prominent suppliers include:

Fornitore	Ubicazione
Praxair	USA
Carpenter Powder Products	USA
Sandvik Osprey	GB
Tecnologia LPW	GB
Erasteel	Francia
AP&C	Canada

Prices range from $50/kg to $150/kg, influenced by quality considerations and order volumes.

Handling and Storage of IN718 Powder

As a reactive material, IN718 powder requires controlled handling:

• Store sealed containers in a cool, dry inert atmosphere
• Prevent exposure to moisture, air, or temperature extremes
• Use properly grounded equipment during transfer
• Avoid dust accumulation and control ignition sources
• Si raccomanda la ventilazione di scarico locale
• Follow applicable safety guidelines

Correct storage and handling prevents composition changes or hazards.

Inspection and Testing of IN718 Powder

IN718 powder batches are validated using:

Metodo	Parametri testati
Analisi granulometrica	Distribuzione granulometrica
Immagini SEM	Morfologia delle particelle
EDX	Chimica e composizione
XRD	Fasi presenti
Picnometria	Densità
Portata del corridoio	Scorrimento della polvere

Testing per ASTM standards ensures batch-to-batch quality consistency.

Comparing IN718 to Alternative Superalloy Powders

IN718 compares with other alloys as:

Lega	Costi	Stampabilità	Saldabilità	Forza
IN718	Scarso	Bene	Eccellente	Intermedio
IN625	Intermedio	Eccellente	Eccellente	Scarso
IN792	Elevato	Fiera	Bene	Eccellente
IN939	Elevatissimo	Bene	Limitato	Eccellente

For balanced properties at lower cost, IN718 supersedes other Ni-based superalloys for many applications.

Pros and Cons of IN718 Powder for 3D Printing

* Alta densità: maggiore capacità di archiviazione in un fattore di forma più piccolo * Bassa latenza: tempi di accesso più rapidi rispetto ai dischi rigidi tradizionali * Elevata larghezza di banda: velocità di trasferimento dati più elevate * Maggiore affidabilità: meno parti mobili rispetto ai dischi rigidi tradizionali, riducendo il rischio di guasti * Maggiore efficienza energetica: consumo energetico inferiore rispetto ai dischi rigidi tradizionali * Silenzioso: nessun rumore di ricerca o rotazione	Contro
Proven material credentials in AM	Lower high temperature strength than some alloys
Excellent weldability and machinability	Susceptible to solidification cracking during printing
Easily fabricated into complex shapes	Richiede la manipolazione in atmosfera controllata
Cost advantage over exotic superalloys	Significant post-processing often needed
Readily available from range of suppliers	Relatively low hardness after printing

IN718 enables high performance additive manufacturing at a reasonable cost.

Frequently Asked Questions about IN718 Powder

Q: What particle size range works best for 3D printing IN718 alloy?

A: A range of 15-45 microns provides the optimum blend of flowability, high resolution, and high density parts. Finer powders below 10 microns can also be used.

Q: What post processing is typically required for IN718 AM components?

A: Hot isostatic pressing, heat treatment, and machining are commonly needed to eliminate voids, optimize properties, and achieve dimensional accuracy.

Q: Is IN718 easier to 3D print compared to other Ni superalloys?

A: Yes, the excellent weldability and lower susceptibility to cracking make IN718 one of the easier to process Ni-based superalloys by powder bed fusion techniques.

Q: What industries use IN718 alloy for metal 3D printing?

A: Aerospace, power generation, oil and gas, automotive, and medical sectors are major application areas for additively manufactured IN718 components.

Q: What material has properties closest to IN718 for AM?

A: IN625 alloy powder has comparable weldability and corrosion resistance to IN718 but lower strength. IN792 trades weldability for higher strength.

Q: Is hot isostatic pressing mandatory for IN718 3D printed parts?

A: HIP eliminates internal voids and improves fatigue resistance. It may not be required for non-critical applications.

Q: Does IN718 require support structures during 3D printing?

A: Minimal supports are recommended on overhangs and bridged sections to prevent deformation and facilitate easy removal post-printing.

Q: What defects can occur when printing with IN718 powder?

A: Potential defects are cracking, porosity, distortion, incomplete fusion, and surface roughness. Most can be prevented with optimized parameters.

Q: What hardness can be expected with IN718 AM components?

A: Hardness after printing is typically 30-35 HRC. Post-processing like aging can increase it to 40-50 HRC for higher wear resistance.

Q: What precision can be obtained with IN718 printed parts?

A: After post-processing, IN718 printed components can achieve dimensional tolerances and surface finishes comparable to CNC machined parts.