概要
インコネル718 is a high-strength, corrosion-resistant nickel-chromium material used at temperatures ranging from cryogenic to 1200°F. It is widely known for its impressive combination of tensile, fatigue, creep, and rupture strength, making it a popular choice for demanding applications in industries such as aerospace, marine, and chemical processing. But what makes Inconel 718 so special? Let’s dive deep into its characteristics, properties, and applications to understand why it’s a material of choice for many engineers and manufacturers.
Types and Composition
Inconel 718 is available in various forms, including bar, sheet, plate, tube, and metal powder. Its composition is primarily nickel (50-55%) and chromium (17-21%), with significant amounts of iron, niobium, and molybdenum.
| フォーム | 作曲 |
|---|---|
| バー | Nickel (50-55%), Chromium (17-21%), Iron (Bal), Niobium (4.75-5.5%), Molybdenum (2.8-3.3%) |
| Sheet | Nickel (50-55%), Chromium (17-21%), Iron (Bal), Niobium (4.75-5.5%), Molybdenum (2.8-3.3%) |
| Plate | Nickel (50-55%), Chromium (17-21%), Iron (Bal), Niobium (4.75-5.5%), Molybdenum (2.8-3.3%) |
| チューブ | Nickel (50-55%), Chromium (17-21%), Iron (Bal), Niobium (4.75-5.5%), Molybdenum (2.8-3.3%) |
| メタルパウダー | Nickel (50-55%), Chromium (17-21%), Iron (Bal), Niobium (4.75-5.5%), Molybdenum (2.8-3.3%) |
In addition to these primary components, Inconel 718 also contains trace amounts of aluminum, titanium, and cobalt, which enhance its overall performance.
特性と特徴
Inconel 718 is renowned for its excellent mechanical properties and high resistance to thermal oxidation and corrosion. Here’s a detailed look at its key characteristics:
| プロパティ | 価値 |
|---|---|
| 引張強度 | 135 ksi (930 MPa) |
| 降伏強度 | 70 ksi (480 MPa) |
| 伸長 | 12-15% |
| 硬度 | 330-360 HB |
| 熱伝導率 | 11.4 W/m·K |
| 溶解範囲 | 1260-1340°C |
| 密度 | 8.19 g/cm³ |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 435 J/kg·K |
| ヤング率 | 200 GPa |
| 熱膨張係数 | 13.0 µm/m·K (at 20-1000°C) |
| 抗酸化性 | Excellent up to 1200°F (650°C) |
| 耐蝕性 | Superior in most corrosive environments, particularly in oxidizing and reducing conditions |
応用例 インコネル718 素材
Inconel 718’s unique combination of properties makes it suitable for a variety of demanding applications. Here are some of the most common uses:
| アプリケーション | 説明 |
|---|---|
| 航空宇宙 | Used in gas turbine engines, rocket motors, spacecraft, and high-temperature fasteners |
| 船員 | Components exposed to saltwater environments, including valves, pumps, and propeller shafts |
| 化学加工 | Heat exchangers, reactors, and other equipment exposed to corrosive chemicals |
| 石油とガス | Downhole components, wellhead equipment, and other high-stress, high-temperature applications |
| 発電 | Turbine blades, rings, and other parts in steam and gas turbines |
| 原子力 | Reactor core components, control rod drive mechanisms, and other critical reactor parts |
| 自動車の | Turbocharger rotors, exhaust valves, and other high-temperature components |
仕様、サイズ、等級、規格
Inconel 718 is available in various sizes, grades, and standards to meet different industry requirements.
| 仕様 | サイズ | グレード | 標準 |
|---|---|---|---|
| バー | 1/4″ to 8″ diameter | UNS N07718 | ASTM B637, AMS 5662/5663 |
| Sheet | 0.018″ to 0.156″ thick | UNS N07718 | ASTM B670, AMS 5596/5597 |
| Plate | 0.25″ to 4″ thick | UNS N07718 | ASTM B670, AMS 5596/5597 |
| チューブ | 0.5″ to 3″ OD | UNS N07718 | ASTM B163, ASTM B516, AMS 5589 |
| メタルパウダー | 15-53µm, 45-150µm | UNS N07718 | AMS 5662/5663 |
サプライヤーと価格詳細
Pricing for Inconel 718 varies based on the form and quantity purchased. Here’s a snapshot of typical suppliers and pricing:
| サプライヤー | フォーム | 価格（kgあたり） | 連絡先 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Special Metals Corp. | Bar, Sheet | $80 – $100 | [email protected] |
| ヘインズ・インターナショナル | Plate, Tube | $90 – $110 | [email protected] |
| ATI特殊合金 | メタルパウダー | $100 – $120 | [email protected] |
| VDMメタルズ | All Forms | $85 – $105 | [email protected] |
| Rolled Alloys | Bar, Plate | $88 – $108 | [email protected] |
のメリットとデメリット インコネル718 素材
Every material has its pros and cons. Let’s explore the advantages and limitations of Inconel 718:
インコネル718の利点
- 高い強度： Inconel 718 maintains its strength over a wide temperature range, making it ideal for high-stress applications.
- 優れた耐食性： Its resistance to oxidation and corrosion in various environments extends the lifespan of components.
- 良好な溶接性： Unlike some other high-strength alloys, Inconel 718 can be welded without loss of ductility.
- 多目的な用途： Its properties make it suitable for a broad range of industries, from aerospace to chemical processing.
インコネル718の欠点
- コストだ： Inconel 718 is more expensive than many other materials, which can be a limiting factor for some applications.
- 機械加工性： Due to its high strength and hardness, machining Inconel 718 can be challenging and requires specialized equipment and techniques.
- 密度: Its relatively high density can be a drawback in applications where weight is a critical factor.
特定金属粉末モデル
Here are ten specific Inconel 718 metal powder models, each with its unique characteristics:
- ATI 718 Powder: Known for its high purity and consistent particle size distribution, ideal for additive manufacturing and repair applications.
- Höganäs 718 Powder: Features excellent flowability and packing density, suitable for powder bed fusion processes.
- Sandvik Osprey 718 Powder: Offers superior oxidation resistance and high-temperature strength, perfect for aerospace applications.
- Carpenter Powder Products 718: Known for its fine microstructure and high fatigue resistance, ideal for critical aerospace components.
- AP&C 718 Powder: Provides excellent mechanical properties and is optimized for electron beam melting (EBM) processes.
- Praxair TruForm 718: Features high sphericity and low oxygen content, making it suitable for direct metal laser sintering (DMLS).
- LPW Technology 718 Powder: Offers tight control over chemistry and particle size, ensuring high performance in additive manufacturing.
- GKN Hoeganaes AncorAM 718: Known for its high consistency and performance in binder jetting applications.
- Tekna 718 Powder: Provides excellent flow characteristics and is designed for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processes.
- Erasteel 718 Powder: Features high cleanliness and is ideal for hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and additive manufacturing applications.
長所と短所、利点と限界を比較する
Here’s a comparison of Inconel 718’s pros and cons against other similar materials like Hastelloy X and Incoloy 825:
| 特徴 | インコネル718 | ハステロイ X | Incoloy 825 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 高温強度 | Excellent (up to 1200°F) | Very Good (up to 1500°F) | Good (up to 1000°F) |
| 耐蝕性 | スーペリア | 素晴らしい | 非常に良い |
| 溶接性 | 調子が良い | 中程度 | 調子が良い |
| 利用料 | ハイ | 非常に高い | 中程度 |
| 機械加工性 | Challenging | 中程度 | 調子が良い |
| 密度 | ハイ | ハイ | 中程度 |
よくあるご質問
| 質問 | 回答 |
|---|---|
| What is Inconel 718 used for? | It is used in aerospace, marine, chemical processing, oil and gas, power generation, and automotive applications. |
| How does Inconel 718 resist corrosion? | It has a high chromium content which forms a protective oxide layer, enhancing its corrosion resistance. |
| インコネル718は溶接できますか？ | Yes, it can be welded using appropriate techniques, maintaining its ductility and strength. |
| Why is Inconel 718 expensive? | Its high cost is due to the complex manufacturing processes and the expensive raw materials used in its composition. |
| What are the alternatives to Inconel 718? | Alternatives include Hastelloy X, Incoloy 825, and other nickel-chromium-based superalloys. |
| Is Inconel 718 suitable for cryogenic applications? | Yes, it retains its toughness and strength at cryogenic temperatures. |
| インコネル718の製造方法は？ | It is produced through processes such as casting, forging, and powder metallurgy. |
| What industries benefit most from using Inconel 718? | Aerospace, marine, chemical processing, oil and gas, and power generation industries benefit the most. |
| What is the difference between Inconel 718 and Inconel 625? | Inconel 718 has higher strength due to the addition of niobium, whereas Inconel 625 is more corrosion-resistant. |
| How do you machine Inconel 718? | Machining requires specialized equipment, slow cutting speeds, and the use of carbide tools to manage its hardness. |
結論
インコネル718 stands out as a versatile, high-performance material capable of withstanding extreme conditions. Its superior mechanical properties, excellent corrosion resistance, and high strength make it indispensable across various high-stress industries. Despite its higher cost and challenging machinability, the benefits it offers in terms of durability and performance often outweigh these limitations. Whether it’s in the sky, deep sea, or in the heart of a chemical plant, Inconel 718 continues to prove its worth as a material of choice for engineers and manufacturers worldwide.
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