316L ステンレススチール粉

Overview of 316L Stainless Steel Powder

316L is an austenitic stainless steel powder widely used in additive manufacturing to produce corrosion resistant parts with good mechanical properties and weldability. This article provides a detailed guide to 316L powder.

Key aspects covered include composition, properties, AM process parameters, applications, specifications, suppliers, handling, inspection methods, comparisons to alternatives, pros and cons, and FAQs. Tables are used to present information in an easy-to-reference format.

Composition of 316L Stainless Steel Powder

The composition of 316L stainless steel powder is:

エレメント	質量 %	目的
鉄	バランス	主行列要素
クロム	16-18	耐蝕性
ニッケル	10-14	Austenite stabilizer
モリブデン	2-3	耐蝕性
マンガン	<2	脱酸素剤
シリコン	<1	脱酸素剤
炭素	<0.03	Avoid carbide precipitation

The high chromium and nickel content provide corrosion resistance while the low carbon minimizes carbide precipitation.

Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Powder

Key properties of 316L powder include:

プロパティ	説明
耐蝕性	Excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion
強さ	Tensile strength up to 620 MPa
溶接性	Readily weldable and less prone to sensitization
Fabricability	Easily formed into complex shapes
生体適合性	Safe for contact with human body
温度耐性	Resistant up to 900¡«C in oxidizing environments

The properties make 316L suitable for harsh, corrosive environments.

AM Process Parameters for 316L Powder

Typical parameters for printing 316L powder include:

パラメータ	代表値	目的
レイヤーの高さ	20-100 Ã×m	Balance speed and resolution
レーザー出力	150-350 W	気化しない溶融状態
スキャン速度	200-1200 mm/s	Density versus build rate
ハッチの間隔	100-200 Ã×m	機械的特性
サポート	Minimal tree/lattice	オーバーハング、内部チャンネル
熱間静水圧プレス	1150¡«C, 100 MPa, 3 hrs	空隙をなくす

Parameters tailored for density, microstructure, production rate and post-processing needs.

Applications of 3D Printed 316L Parts

AM 316L components are used in:

産業	アプリケーション
航空宇宙	Structural brackets, panels, housings
自動車の	Turbine housings, impellers, valves
化学	ポンプ、バルブ、反応容器
石油とガス	Downhole tools, manifolds, flanges
生体医療	Dental, orthopedic implants, surgical tools

Benefits versus wrought 316L include complex geometries, reduced part count, and accelerated product development.

Specifications of 316L Powder for AM

316L powder must meet strict specifications:

パラメータ	仕様
粒度範囲	15-45 Ã×m 標準
パーティクル形状	球状の形態
見掛け比重	> 4 g/cc
打タップ密度	> 6 g/cc
ホール流動率	> 23 sec for 50 g
純粋さ	>99.9%
酸素含量	<1000 ppm

Custom size distributions and controlled composition available.

Suppliers of 316L Stainless Steel Powder

Reputable 316L powder suppliers include:

サプライヤー	場所
サンドビック オスプレイ	英国
カーペンター アディティブ	アメリカ
LPW テクノロジー	英国
エラスチール	スウェーデン
Critical Materials	アメリカ
プラクスエアー	アメリカ

Prices range from $50/kg to $120/kg based on quality considerations and order volumes.

Handling and Storage of 316L Powder

As a reactive material, careful 316L powder handling is essential:

• Store sealed containers away from moisture, acids, ignition sources
• Use inert gas padding during transportation and storage
• Ground equipment to dissipate static charges
• Avoid dust accumulation through extraction and ventilation
• Follow safety data sheet precautions

Proper techniques ensure optimal powder condition.

Inspection and Testing of 316L Powder

Quality testing methods include:

方法	テストされたパラメーター
ふるい分け分析	粒度分布
SEMイメージング	粒子形態
イーディーエックス	Chemistry and composition
XRD	現在のフェーズ
ピクノメトリー	密度
ホール流動率	粉体の流動性

Testing per ASTM standards verifies powder quality and batch consistency.

Comparing 316L to Alternative Alloy Powders

316L compares to other alloys as:

合金	耐蝕性	強さ	利用料	印刷適性
316L	素晴らしい	ミディアム	ミディアム	素晴らしい
17-4PH	調子が良い	ハイ	ミディアム	調子が良い
IN718	調子が良い	非常に高い	ハイ	公正
CoCr	公正	ミディアム	ミディアム	調子が良い

With its balanced properties, 316L is very versatile for small to medium sized AM components needing corrosion resistance.

Pros and Cons of 316L Powder for AM

長所	欠点
Excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility	Lower high temperature strength than alloys
溶接・機械加工が容易	Susceptible to porosity during printing
Cost advantage over exotic alloys	Prone to thermal cracking
Can match wrought material properties	Required post-processing like HIP
Range of suppliers available	Lower hardness than precipitation hardening alloys

316L provides versatile performance at moderate cost, albeit with controlled processing requirements.

Frequently Asked Questions about 316L Stainless Steel Powder

Q: What particle size range works best for printing 316L alloy?

A: A typical range is 15-45 microns. It provides good powder flowability combined with high resolution and density.

Q: What post-processing methods are used on 316L AM parts?

A: Hot isostatic pressing, heat treatment, surface machining, and electropolishing are common methods for achieving full densification and surface finish.

Q: Which metal 3D printing process is ideal for 316L alloy?

A: All major powder bed fusion processes including selective laser melting (SLM), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and electron beam melting (EBM) are regularly used.

Q: What industries use additively manufactured 316L components?

A: Aerospace, automotive, biomedical, marine hardware, chemical processing, and oil and gas industries benefit from 3D printed 316L parts.

Q: Does 316L require support structures during 3D printing?

A: Yes, support structures are essential on overhangs and bridged sections to prevent deformation and allow easy removal after printing.

Q: What defects can occur when printing 316L powder?

A: Potential defects are porosity, cracking, distortion, lack of fusion, and surface roughness. Most can be prevented with optimized parameters.

Q: What is the key difference between 316 and 316L alloys?

A: 316L has lower carbon content (0.03% max) which improves corrosion resistance and eliminates harmful carbide precipitation during welding.

Q: How are the properties of printed 316L compared to wrought alloy?

A: With optimized parameters, AM 316L components can achieve mechanical properties on par or exceeding conventionally processed wrought counterparts.

Q: What density can be expected with 3D printed 316L parts?

A: Density above 99% is achievable for 316L with ideal parameters tailored for the alloy, matching wrought material properties.

Q: What finishing is typically applied to 316L AM parts?

A: Abrasive flow machining, CNC machining, and electropolishing are common finishing processes for removing surface roughness and achieving the required tolerances.