Best in718 powder for 3D printing
Overview of IN718 Powder IN718 is a precipitation hardenable nickel-based superalloy powder widely used for additive manufacturing, owing to its good strength, corrosion resistance, weldability and processability. This article provides a detailed guide to IN718 powder. Key aspects covered include composition, properties, AM print parameters, applications, specifications, suppliers, handling, inspection methods, comparisons to alternatives, pros and cons, and FAQs. Tables are used to present quantitative data in an easy-to-reference format. Composition of IN718 Powder The composition of IN718 is: Element Weight % Purpose Nickel 50 – 55 Principal matrix element Chromium 17 – 21 Oxidation resistance Iron Balance Solid solution strengthener Niobium 4.75 – 5.5 Precipitation hardening Molybdenum 2.8 –…
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Overview of IN718 Powder
IN718 is a precipitation hardenable nickel-based superalloy powder widely used for additive manufacturing, owing to its good strength, corrosion resistance, weldability and processability. This article provides a detailed guide to IN718 powder.
Key aspects covered include composition, properties, AM print parameters, applications, specifications, suppliers, handling, inspection methods, comparisons to alternatives, pros and cons, and FAQs. Tables are used to present quantitative data in an easy-to-reference format.
Composition of IN718 Powder
The composition of IN718 is:
| エレメント | 質量 % | 目的 |
|---|---|---|
| ニッケル | 50 – 55 | 主行列要素 |
| クロム | 17 – 21 | 抗酸化性 |
| 鉄 | バランス | 固溶体強化剤 |
| ニオブ | 4.75 – 5.5 | 析出硬化 |
| モリブデン | 2.8 – 3.3 | Solid solution strengthening |
| チタン | 0.65 – 1.15 | カーバイドフォーマー |
| アルミニウム | 0.2 – 0.8 | 析出硬化 |
| 炭素 | 最大0.08 | カーバイドフォーマー |
Trace amounts of cobalt, boron, copper and magnesium are also added.
Properties of IN718 Powder
Key properties of IN718 include:
| プロパティ | 説明 |
|---|---|
| 強力 | Tensile strength 1050 – 1350 MPa |
| Phase stability | Retains properties after prolonged use up to 700¡«C |
| 耐蝕性 | Resistant to aqueous corrosion and oxidation |
| 溶接性 | Excellent weldability using matching filler material |
| Fabricability | Easy to form and machine |
| Creep resistance | High stress rupture strength at high temperatures |
The properties make IN718 suitable for the most demanding applications.
3D Printing Parameters for IN718 Powder
Typical parameters for printing IN718 powder include:
| パラメータ | 代表値 | 目的 |
|---|---|---|
| レイヤーの高さ | 20 – 50 Ã×m | Balance speed and resolution |
| レーザー出力 | 195 – 350 W | 蒸発することなく十分に溶ける |
| スキャン速度 | 700 – 1300 mm/s | Density versus build rate |
| ハッチの間隔 | 80 – 160 Ã×m | 機械的特性 |
| Support structure | 最小限 | Easy removal |
| 熱間静水圧プレス | 1120¡«C, 100 MPa, 3h | 内部の空洞をなくす |
The parameters depend on factors like build geometry, temperature management and post-processing requirements.
Applications of 3D Printed IN718 Parts
IN718 parts made by AM are used in:
| 産業 | コンポーネント |
|---|---|
| 航空宇宙 | Engine components like turbine blades, discs |
| 発電 | Combustion cans, transition ducts |
| 石油とガス | Downhole tools, valves, pumps |
| 自動車の | Turbocharger wheels, exhaust valves |
| 医療 | 整形外科用インプラント、手術器具 |
Benefits over wrought IN718 include complex geometries, reduced lead times and buy-to-fly ratios.
Specifications of IN718 Powder for AM
IN718 powder must meet the following specifications for 3D printing:
| パラメータ | 仕様 |
|---|---|
| 粒度範囲 | 10 – 45 Ã×m |
| パーティクル形状 | 球状の形態 |
| 見掛け比重 | Typically > 4 g/cc |
| 打タップ密度 | > 6 g/cc |
| ホール流動率 | > 23 sec for 50 g |
| 純粋さ | >99.9% |
| 酸素含量 | <100 ppm |
Custom size distributions and tightly controlled composition available.
Suppliers of IN718 Powder
Prominent suppliers include:
| サプライヤー | 場所 |
|---|---|
| プラクスエアー | アメリカ |
| カーペンター粉末工業 | アメリカ |
| サンドビック オスプレイ | 英国 |
| LPW テクノロジー | 英国 |
| エラスチール | フランス |
| AP&C | カナダ |
Prices range from $50/kg to $150/kg, influenced by quality considerations and order volumes.
Handling and Storage of IN718 Powder
As a reactive material, IN718 powder requires controlled handling:
- Store sealed containers in a cool, dry inert atmosphere
- Prevent exposure to moisture, air, or temperature extremes
- Use properly grounded equipment during transfer
- Avoid dust accumulation and control ignition sources
- 局所排気装置を推奨
- Follow applicable safety guidelines
Correct storage and handling prevents composition changes or hazards.
Inspection and Testing of IN718 Powder
IN718 powder batches are validated using:
| 方法 | テストされたパラメーター |
|---|---|
| ふるい分け分析 | 粒度分布 |
| SEMイメージング | 粒子形態 |
| イーディーエックス | Chemistry and composition |
| XRD | 現在のフェーズ |
| ピクノメトリー | 密度 |
| ホール流動率 | 粉体の流動性 |
Testing per ASTM standards ensures batch-to-batch quality consistency.
Comparing IN718 to Alternative Superalloy Powders
IN718 compares with other alloys as:
| 合金 | 利用料 | 印刷適性 | 溶接性 | 強さ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IN718 | 低い | 調子が良い | 素晴らしい | ミディアム |
| IN625 | ミディアム | 素晴らしい | 素晴らしい | 低い |
| IN792 | ハイ | 公正 | 調子が良い | 素晴らしい |
| IN939 | 非常に高い | 調子が良い | 限定 | 素晴らしい |
For balanced properties at lower cost, IN718 supersedes other Ni-based superalloys for many applications.
Pros and Cons of IN718 Powder for 3D Printing
| 長所 | 欠点 |
|---|---|
| Proven material credentials in AM | Lower high temperature strength than some alloys |
| Excellent weldability and machinability | Susceptible to solidification cracking during printing |
| Easily fabricated into complex shapes | Requires controlled atmosphere handling |
| Cost advantage over exotic superalloys | Significant post-processing often needed |
| Readily available from range of suppliers | Relatively low hardness after printing |
IN718 enables high performance additive manufacturing at a reasonable cost.
Frequently Asked Questions about IN718 Powder
Q: What particle size range works best for 3D printing IN718 alloy?
A: A range of 15-45 microns provides the optimum blend of flowability, high resolution, and high density parts. Finer powders below 10 microns can also be used.
Q: What post processing is typically required for IN718 AM components?
A: Hot isostatic pressing, heat treatment, and machining are commonly needed to eliminate voids, optimize properties, and achieve dimensional accuracy.
Q: Is IN718 easier to 3D print compared to other Ni superalloys?
A: Yes, the excellent weldability and lower susceptibility to cracking make IN718 one of the easier to process Ni-based superalloys by powder bed fusion techniques.
Q: What industries use IN718 alloy for metal 3D printing?
A: Aerospace, power generation, oil and gas, automotive, and medical sectors are major application areas for additively manufactured IN718 components.
Q: What material has properties closest to IN718 for AM?
A: IN625 alloy powder has comparable weldability and corrosion resistance to IN718 but lower strength. IN792 trades weldability for higher strength.
Q: Is hot isostatic pressing mandatory for IN718 3D printed parts?
A: HIP eliminates internal voids and improves fatigue resistance. It may not be required for non-critical applications.
Q: Does IN718 require support structures during 3D printing?
A: Minimal supports are recommended on overhangs and bridged sections to prevent deformation and facilitate easy removal post-printing.
Q: What defects can occur when printing with IN718 powder?
A: Potential defects are cracking, porosity, distortion, incomplete fusion, and surface roughness. Most can be prevented with optimized parameters.
Q: What hardness can be expected with IN718 AM components?
A: Hardness after printing is typically 30-35 HRC. Post-processing like aging can increase it to 40-50 HRC for higher wear resistance.
Q: What precision can be obtained with IN718 printed parts?
A: After post-processing, IN718 printed components can achieve dimensional tolerances and surface finishes comparable to CNC machined parts.
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