Pó de CoCrMo
Visão geral do pó de CoCrMo O CoCrMo é um pó de liga de cobalto-cromo-molibdênio amplamente utilizado na manufatura aditiva de metal para aplicações biomédicas, odontológicas, aeroespaciais e industriais que necessitam de resistência ao desgaste e biocompatibilidade. Este artigo fornece um guia detalhado sobre o pó de CoCrMo, abrangendo a composição, as propriedades, os parâmetros do processo de AM, as aplicações, as especificações, os fornecedores, o manuseio, a inspeção, as comparações, os prós e os contras e as perguntas frequentes. Principais...
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Overview of CoCrMo Powder
CoCrMo is a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy powder widely used in metal additive manufacturing for biomedical, dental, aerospace, and industrial applications needing wear resistance and biocompatibility.
This article provides a detailed guide to CoCrMo powder covering composition, properties, AM process parameters, applications, specifications, suppliers, handling, inspection, comparisons, pros and cons, and FAQs. Key information is presented in easy-to-reference tables.
Composition of CoCrMo Powder
The composition of CoCrMo alloy powder is:
| Elemento | % do Peso | Objetivo |
|---|---|---|
| Cobalto | 58-69 | Matrix element, biocompatibility |
| Cromo | 26-30 | Corrosion resistance, wear resistance |
| Molibdênio | 5-7 | Força, resistência ao desgaste |
| Carbono | 0.05-0.35 | Formador de metal duro |
| Silício | 1 max | Desoxidante |
| Manganês | 1 max | Desoxidante |
| Ferro | 0.75 max | Contamination limit |
The high cobalt content provides biocompatibility while chromium and molybdenum impart strength and wear resistance.
Properties of CoCrMo Powder
Key properties of CoCrMo powder include:
| Propriedade | Descrição |
|---|---|
| biocompatibilidade | Excellent compatibility with human body tissues |
| Resistência ao desgaste | High abrasion and sliding wear resistance |
| Resistência à corrosão | Resistant to body fluids and many chemicals |
| Força | Tensile strength up to 1310 MPa when work hardened |
| Dureza | Up to 54 HRC when age hardened |
| Resistência à fadiga | Suitable for cyclical dynamic loading |
The properties enable use for load-bearing implants and devices.
AM Process Parameters for CoCrMo Powder
Typical parameters for printing CoCrMo powder include:
| Parâmetro | Valor típico | Objetivo |
|---|---|---|
| Altura da camada | 20-50 µm | Resolution vs build speed |
| Potência do laser | 150-400 W | Melting condition without vaporization |
| Velocidade de digitalização | 400-1200 mm/s | Densidade versus taxa de produção |
| Espaçamento da escotilha | 80-120 ×m | Propriedades mecânicas |
| Supports | Tree or lattice | Overhangs, internal channels |
| Prensagem isostática a quente | 1220¡«C, 100 MPa, 3 hrs | Eliminar a porosidade |
Parâmetros adaptados aos requisitos de densidade, microestrutura, taxa de construção e pós-processamento.
Applications of 3D Printed CoCrMo Parts
AM CoCrMo components are used in:
| Indústria | APLICATIVOS |
|---|---|
| Médico | Knee/hip implants, dental crowns, surgical tools |
| Aeroespacial | Lâminas de turbina, componentes de motor |
| Automotivo | Valve seats, turbocharger wheels |
| Industrial | Wear-resistant tooling, flanges, seals |
| Petróleo e gás | Valve parts, pumps |
Benefits versus wrought CoCrMo include complex geometries, customized implants, reduced costs and lead times.
Specifications of CoCrMo Powder for AM
CoCrMo powder must meet strict specifications:
| Parâmetro | Especificação |
|---|---|
| Intervalo de tamanho de partícula | 15-45 ×m típico |
| Formas das Partículas | Morfologia esférica |
| Densidade Aparente | > 4 g/cc |
| Densidade de Batida | > 6 g/cc |
| Vazão de fluxo do corredor | > 23 segundos para 50 g |
| Pureza | >99,9% |
| Conteúdo de oxigênio | <1000 ppm |
Distribuições de tamanho personalizadas e níveis de umidade controlados disponíveis.
Suppliers of CoCrMo Powder
Reputable CoCrMo powder suppliers include:
| Fornecedor | Localização |
|---|---|
| Aditivo Carpenter | Estados Unidos |
| Sandvik Osprey | Reino Unido |
| Erasteel | Suécia |
| AP&C | Canadá |
| Tecnologia LPW | Reino Unido |
| Arcam AB | Suécia |
Pricing ranges from $50/kg to $120/kg based on quality considerations and order volume.
Handling and Storage of CoCrMo Powder
As a reactive material, careful CoCrMo powder handling is essential:
- Store sealed containers away from moisture, acids, ignition sources
- Prevent exposure to air and use inert gas padding
- Aterre o equipamento para dissipar cargas estáticas
- Avoid dust accumulation and use dust extraction
- Recomenda-se ventilação local com exaustão
- Follow safety data sheet precautions
Técnicas adequadas garantem a condição ideal do pó.
Inspection and Testing of CoCrMo Powder
Os métodos de teste de qualidade incluem:
| Método | Parâmetros testados |
|---|---|
| Análise granulométrica | Distribuição de Tamanho de Partícula |
| imagens SEM | Morfologia da partícula |
| EDX | Química e composição |
| XRD | Fases presentes |
| Picnometria | Densidade |
| Vazão de fluxo do corredor | Fluidez do pó |
Os testes de acordo com as normas ASTM verificam a qualidade do pó e a consistência do lote.
Comparing CoCrMo to Alternative Alloy Powders
CoCrMo compares to other alloys as:
| Liga | biocompatibilidade | Força | Custo | Capacidade de impressão |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CoCrMo | Excelente | Médio | Médio | Bom |
| Titanium Ti64 | Bom | Baixo | Alto | Razoável |
| Stainless steel 316L | Bom | Médio | Médio | Excelente |
| Inconel 718 | Pobre | Alto | Alto | Bom |
CoCrMo provides the best combination of biocompatibility, strength, and printability for many applications.
Pros and Cons of CoCrMo Powder for AM
| Prós | Contras |
|---|---|
| Excelente biocompatibilidade e resistência à corrosão | Limited high temperature capability |
| Very good wear and abrasion resistance | Susceptible to porosity during printing |
| Readily 3D printable and weldable | Requires controlled atmosphere handling |
| Cost advantage versus titanium alloys | Post-processing often needed |
| Can match wrought material properties | Lower fracture toughness than stainless steels |
CoCrMo enables functional metal implants and components, albeit with controlled processing requirements.
Frequently Asked Questions about CoCrMo Powder
Q: What particle size range works best for 3D printing CoCrMo alloy?
A: A typical range is 15-45 microns. It provides good powder flowability combined with high resolution and density.
Q: What post-processing methods are used on CoCrMo AM parts?
A: Hot isostatic pressing, heat treatment, surface machining, and polishing are commonly used post-processes for achieving full density and surface finish.
Q: Which metal 3D printing processes are compatible with CoCrMo alloy?
A: Selective laser melting (SLM), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and electron beam melting (EBM) can all process CoCrMo powder.
Q: What industries use additively manufactured CoCrMo components?
A: Medical, dental, aerospace, automotive, oil and gas, and industrial sectors benefit from 3D printed CoCrMo parts.
Q: Does CoCrMo require support structures during 3D printing?
A: Yes, supports are needed on overhangs and internal channels to prevent deformation and allow easy removal after printing.
Q: What defects can occur when printing CoCrMo powder?
A: Potential defects are porosity, cracking, distortion, incomplete fusion, and surface roughness. Most can be prevented with optimized parameters.
Q: What type of biocompatibility testing is done on CoCrMo alloys?
A: Cytotoxicity, sensitization, irritation, systemic toxicity, genotoxicity, and implantation testing per standards like ISO 10993 are conducted.
Q: How are the properties of printed CoCrMo compared to cast alloy?
A: AM CoCrMo components can achieve mechanical properties on par or better than cast and annealed counterparts when optimized.
Q: What are the main differences between CoCr F75 and SP2 alloys?
A: F75 has higher carbon for better machinability while SP2 has lower carbon plus niobium for improved particle melting behavior during printing.
Q: What density can be expected with 3D printed CoCrMo components?
A: Density above 99% is achievable for CoCrMo with ideal parameters tailored for the alloy, matching wrought material properties.
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