{"id":3862,"date":"2024-03-18T06:10:08","date_gmt":"2024-03-18T06:10:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3dp.45612300.xyz\/product\/304l-stainless-steel-powder\/"},"modified":"2024-04-07T08:52:23","modified_gmt":"2024-04-07T08:52:23","slug":"304l-stainless-steel-powder","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/pt_br\/product\/304l-stainless-steel-powder\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u00f3 de a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel 304l"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Vis\u00e3o Geral<\/h2>\n

304L stainless steel powder is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel powder with low carbon content. It offers excellent corrosion resistance, good formability and weldability, and widely used for powder metallurgy applications.<\/p>\n

The \u00a3\u00a6L\u00a3\u00aa denotes lower carbon compared to 304 standard grade. The low carbon minimizes carbide precipitation and maximizes corrosion resistance. Powder metallurgy 304L provides a cost-effective alternative to 316L for non-critical applications not needing molybdenum alloying.<\/p>\n

This article provides an in-depth look at 304L stainless steel powder covering composition, properties, processing, applications, specifications, suppliers, costs, and other technical details.<\/p>\n

Composi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n

The nominal composition of 304L stainless steel powder is listed below:<\/p>\n

Table: Typical composition of 304L stainless steel powder<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Elemento<\/th>\n% do Peso<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Cromo (Cr)<\/td>\n18-20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Niquel (Ni)<\/td>\n8-10.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mangan\u00eas (Mn)<\/td>\n<2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sil\u00edcio (Si)<\/td>\n<1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Carbono (C)<\/td>\n<0.03<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Enxofre (S)<\/td>\n<0.03<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u00f3sforo (P)<\/td>\n<0.045<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nitrog\u00eanio (N)<\/td>\n<0.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ferro (Fe)<\/td>\nEquil\u00edbrio<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Chromium and nickel are the main alloying elements. Chromium provides corrosion and oxidation resistance. Nickel enhances ductility, toughness, and weldability.<\/p>\n

Manganese and silicon increase strength. Carbon is kept very low for optimum corrosion resistance. Sulfur, phosphorus, and nitrogen are impurities that are minimized.<\/p>\n

Propriedades<\/h2>\n

Key properties of 304L stainless steel powder in the annealed condition are provided below:<\/p>\n

Table: Properties of 304L stainless steel powder<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Propriedade<\/th>\nValor<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Densidade<\/td>\n7,9-8,1 g\/cm3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Resist\u00eancia \u00daltima \u00e0 Tra\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>\n505-620 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Limite de escoamento<\/td>\n205-275 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
alongamento<\/td>\n\u00a1\u00d440%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dureza<\/td>\n\u00a8P92 HRB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u00f3dulo de elasticidade<\/td>\n190-210 GPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ponto de Fus\u00e3o<\/td>\n1400-1450\u00a1\u00abC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Condutividade t\u00e9rmica<\/td>\n16 W\/m-K<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Resistividade el\u00e9trica<\/td>\n0.072 \u00c3\u00d7\u00b4\u00ce-cm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

The combination of properties make 304L highly useful for a wide range of applications. The austenitic microstructure provides ductility, toughness, and non-magnetic behavior. 304L has excellent corrosion resistance comparable to 316L stainless steel.<\/p>\n

By selecting ultra-low carbon powder, carbide precipitation can be avoided to maximize corrosion resistance in critical applications. Strength and hardness can be increased through cold working.<\/p>\n

APLICATIVOS<\/h2>\n

Typical applications for 304L stainless steel powder include:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Food processing equipment<\/li>\n
  • Pharmaceutical tooling<\/li>\n
  • Chemical plant components<\/li>\n
  • Architectural panels, railings<\/li>\n
  • Medical instruments and implants<\/li>\n
  • Marine hardware, fittings, fasteners<\/li>\n
  • Produtos de consumo, eletrodom\u00e9sticos<\/li>\n
  • Powder metallurgy mechanical parts<\/li>\n
  • P\u00f3s para impress\u00e3o 3D<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    304L provides cost-effective corrosion resistance versus 316L when molybdenum alloying is not needed for highly corrosive environments. The excellent polishability and non-magnetic properties also suits 304L for architectural cladding and hardware components.<\/p>\n

    Powder metallurgy is commonly used to produce small precision parts from 304L at high volumes versus machining. Additive manufacturing utilizes 304L powder for prototypes, tooling, and end-use components across industries.<\/p>\n

    Powder Manufacturing<\/h2>\n

    304L stainless steel powder is commercially manufactured via gas atomization or water atomization processes.<\/p>\n

    In atomiza\u00e7\u00e3o de g\u00e1s<\/strong>, a high pressure inert gas stream disintegrates the molten metal into fine droplets, producing spherical powders ideal for additive manufacturing and MIM. Particle size distribution is controlled through process parameters.<\/p>\n

    Atomiza\u00e7\u00e3o da \u00c1gua<\/strong> uses high pressure water jets to break up the metal stream into fine particles. This generates irregular, satellite particle shapes. The powder requires post-treatment for additive manufacturing.<\/p>\n

    Plasma atomization<\/strong> is sometimes used to produce very spherical, clean powders from a metal plasma stream in a controlled inert atmosphere. This ensures high purity and flowability.<\/p>\n

    Especifica\u00e7\u00f5es do p\u00f3<\/h2>\n

    304L stainless steel powder is commercially available in various size ranges, morphologies, and quality levels. Some typical powder specifications are below:<\/p>\n

    Table: 304L stainless steel powder specifications<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Atributo<\/th>\nDetalhes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Particles sizes<\/td>\n15-45 \u00c3\u00d7m, 10-100 \u00c3\u00d7m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Morfologia<\/td>\nEsf\u00e9rico, irregular<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Densidade Aparente<\/td>\n2,5-4,5 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Densidade de Batida<\/td>\n4-5 g\/cm3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Vaz\u00e3o de fluxo do corredor<\/td>\n<30 s\/50g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Pureza<\/td>\n>99,5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Conte\u00fado de oxig\u00eanio<\/td>\n<2000 ppm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Moisture content<\/td>\n<0,2%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Smaller particle sizes below 45 \u00c3\u00d7m are preferred for capturing fine features in additive manufacturing. Spherical particles provide good flowability. Apparent density correlates with powder packing efficiency.<\/p>\n

    High purity, low oxygen, and controlled moisture levels ensure quality sintered properties. Gas atomized powder offers the best specifications for critical applications.<\/p>\n

    Padr\u00f5es e notas<\/h2>\n

    304L stainless steel powder complies with the following standards:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • ASTM A240 – Standard for chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip<\/li>\n
    • ASTM A313 – Standard for stainless steel spring wire<\/li>\n
    • ASTM A314 – Standard for stainless steel bent wire<\/li>\n
    • AMS 5501 – Stainless steel bars, wire, forgings, tubing with low carbon<\/li>\n
    • AMS 5647 – Stainless steel powder, atomized, 304L<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Equivalent grades include:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • UNS S30403<\/li>\n
      • Werkstoff No. 1.4306<\/li>\n
      • SUS 304L<\/li>\n
      • SS2348<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Powder can be sourced per ASTM specifications or custom composition for specific applications. Ultra-low carbon and single pressed powders provide optimum properties.<\/p>\n

        An\u00e1lise de custos<\/h2>\n

        304L stainless steel powder costs between $15-30 per kg for gas atomized material. Water atomized powder is cheaper at $8-15\/kg but has less sphericity.<\/p>\n

        Prices vary based on order volume, particle size range, powder morphology, purity levels, and manufacturer\/distributor margins.<\/p>\n

        For finished parts, 304L accounts for 30-60% of MIM component cost, depending on part size and complexity. Small parts in high volumes have a lower share of material cost.<\/p>\n

        Powder Storage and Handling<\/h2>\n

        To prevent contamination and maintain powder properties, 304L stainless steel powder should be stored and handled as follows:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Store in sealed containers in a cool, dry environment<\/li>\n
        • Use inert gas purging or vacuum to prevent moisture pickup<\/li>\n
        • Keep away from sparks, flames, and ignition sources<\/li>\n
        • Ground all powder handling and transfer equipment<\/li>\n
        • Avoid contact with contaminants like oil, grease, paints, etc.<\/li>\n
        • Use PPE – mask, gloves, eye protection when handling powder<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Powder spills should be promptly cleaned using non-sparking tools and HEPA vacuuming. Powders are moderately sensitive to moisture and air exposure. Proper storage is key.<\/p>\n

          Modelagem por Inje\u00e7\u00e3o de Metais<\/h2>\n

          304L is widely used for metal injection molding of small, complex parts leveraging powder metallurgy. Key considerations include:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Feedstock:<\/strong>?60-68% powder loading with multi-component binder system<\/li>\n
          • Molding:<\/strong>?High shot size, fast injection speed, high holding pressure<\/li>\n
          • Desbobinamento:<\/strong>?Solvent debinding followed by thermal debinding<\/li>\n
          • Sinteriza\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong>?1350-1400\u00a1\u00abC in hydrogen or vacuum atmosphere<\/li>\n
          • Opera\u00e7\u00f5es secund\u00e1rias:<\/strong>?Machining, laser marking, passivation, electropolishing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            MIM service bureaus have established best practices for high-performance 304L parts with as-sintered properties approaching wrought material.<\/p>\n

            Design for AM<\/h2>\n

            For additive manufacturing using 304L stainless steel powder, key design guidelines include:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Maintain wall thicknesses above 1 mm<\/li>\n
            • Use self-supporting geometries with angles above 45\u00a1\u00ab<\/li>\n
            • Include drain holes to remove unfused powder<\/li>\n
            • Observe build orientation effects on properties<\/li>\n
            • Account for 20-25% shrinkage when designing mating parts<\/li>\n
            • Include machining allowances of 0.5-1 mm for critical fits<\/li>\n
            • Reduce overhangs, bridges, fine details that require supports<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Controle de qualidade<\/h2>\n

              Quality control testing performed on 304L stainless steel powder includes:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Chemical analysis – ICP and OES to verify composition<\/li>\n
              • Particle size analysis – Laser diffraction particle size analyzer<\/li>\n
              • Powder morphology – SEM imaging at high magnifications<\/li>\n
              • Apparent density and tap density – Hall flowmeter method<\/li>\n
              • Powder flow rate – Hall flowmeter funnel method<\/li>\n
              • Loss on ignition – ASTM E sin gravity furnace<\/li>\n
              • Moisture analysis – Karl Fischer titration, LECO analysis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                For sintered MIM parts, testing includes:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Dimensional tolerances – CMM inspection<\/li>\n
                • Density – Archimedes method<\/li>\n
                • Microstructure – Optical microscopy, image analysis<\/li>\n
                • Mechanical testing – Hardness, tensile, fatigue, Charpy impact<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Health and Safety<\/h2>\n

                  Like most stainless steel powders and parts, 304L poses little health risk with proper handling:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Wear PPE when handling powder – mask, gloves, goggles<\/li>\n
                  • Avoid skin contact to prevent sensitization<\/li>\n
                  • Use HEPA-filtered vacuum for clean-up of dust and powder<\/li>\n
                  • Avoid breathing any welding or melting fumes<\/li>\n
                  • Dispose according to local environmental regulations<\/li>\n
                  • Ensure adequate ventilation and respiratory protection if grinding or machining sintered parts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    No special disposal precautions are needed for 304L. With sound procedures, it poses minimal hazard for workers and the environment.<\/p>\n

                    FAQ<\/h2>\n
                      \n
                    1. \n

                      What is the difference between 304 and 304L stainless steel powder?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      304L has lower carbon content (<0.03%) than 304 (<0.08%) for better corrosion resistance, especially for welding. 304 is more common.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    2. \n

                      Does 304L powder require a controlled atmosphere?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      Not necessarily, but storage in sealed containers with inert gas prevents oxidation and contamination.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    3. \n

                      What particle size is best for AM?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      15-45 microns is typical for powder bed fusion AM to provide good flow and high resolution. Larger sizes from 45-100 microns are also used.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    4. \n

                      Is 304L used for metal 3D printing?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      Yes, 304L is widely used for powder bed and directed energy deposition 3D printing to make prototypes, tooling, and end-use parts.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    5. \n

                      What causes powder to oxidize and lose reusability?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      Exposure to air\/moisture causes surface oxidation. Proper sealed storage with desiccant and oxygen absorbers prevents this.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    6. \n

                      Does 304L require solution annealing after laser sintering?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      Yes, stress relieving at 1050-1150\u00a1\u00abC and rapid cooling helps restore ductility and toughness after the rapid solidification.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    7. \n

                      What finish can be expected on as-sintered MIM 304L parts?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      Around Ra 3-6 microns initially. Polishing and etching can achieve under 0.5 micron. Plating also gives a smooth finish.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    8. \n

                      What tolerance can be achieved with 304L MIM parts?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \u00a9I0.1-0.3% is typical but tolerances under \u00a9I0.1% are possible for high precision components.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    9. \n

                      Why is 304L preferred over 304 stainless steel?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      The lower carbon gives 304L better corrosion resistance, especially for weldments, reducing sensitization. It has become the dominant grade.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    10. \n

                      What is the cost premium for 304L vs. 304 powder?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      Typically 10-30% higher cost for 304L due to the lower carbon composition. Price also depends on quantities ordered.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      <\/span><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      Vis\u00e3o geral O p\u00f3 de a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel 304L \u00e9 um p\u00f3 de a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel austen\u00edtico cromo-n\u00edquel com baixo teor de carbono. Ele oferece excelente resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o, boa conformabilidade e soldabilidade e \u00e9 amplamente utilizado em aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de metalurgia do p\u00f3. A sigla \u00a3\u00a6L\u00a3\u00aa indica menor teor de carbono em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com o grau padr\u00e3o 304. O baixo teor de carbono minimiza a precipita\u00e7\u00e3o de carboneto e maximiza a resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o. Metalurgia do p\u00f3 304L...<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":1732,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":""},"product-category":[119,122],"class_list":["post-3862","product","type-product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","product-category-3d-printing-metal-powder","product-category-iron-based-alloy-powder"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"product-category":[{"value":119,"label":"3D Printing Metal Powder"},{"value":122,"label":"Iron Based Alloy Powder"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/304l-Stainless-Steel-Powder.jpg",600,600,false],"author_info":[],"comment_info":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/pt_br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/3862","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/pt_br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/pt_br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/pt_br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1732"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/pt_br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/pt_br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product-category?post=3862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}