Порошок CoCrMo

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Обзор порошка CoCrMo CoCrMo - это порошок сплава кобальт-хром-молибден, широко используемый в аддитивном производстве металлов для биомедицинских, стоматологических, аэрокосмических и промышленных применений, требующих износостойкости и биосовместимости. В этой статье представлено подробное руководство по порошку CoCrMo, в котором описаны состав, свойства, параметры процесса AM, области применения, спецификации, поставщики, обработка, контроль, сравнение, плюсы и минусы, а также часто задаваемые вопросы. Ключевые...

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Overview of CoCrMo Powder

CoCrMo is a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy powder widely used in metal additive manufacturing for biomedical, dental, aerospace, and industrial applications needing wear resistance and biocompatibility.

This article provides a detailed guide to CoCrMo powder covering composition, properties, AM process parameters, applications, specifications, suppliers, handling, inspection, comparisons, pros and cons, and FAQs. Key information is presented in easy-to-reference tables.

Composition of CoCrMo Powder

The composition of CoCrMo alloy powder is:

Элемент Весовые % Цель
Кобальт 58-69 Matrix element, biocompatibility
Хром 26-30 Corrosion resistance, wear resistance
Молибден 5-7 Прочность, износостойкость
Углерода 0.05-0.35 Carbide former
Кремний 1 max Deoxidizer
Марганец 1 max Deoxidizer
Железо 0.75 max Contamination limit

The high cobalt content provides biocompatibility while chromium and molybdenum impart strength and wear resistance.

Properties of CoCrMo Powder

Key properties of CoCrMo powder include:

Имущество Описание
биосовместимостью Excellent compatibility with human body tissues
Износостойкость High abrasion and sliding wear resistance
Коррозионная стойкость Resistant to body fluids and many chemicals
Сила Tensile strength up to 1310 MPa when work hardened
Твердость Up to 54 HRC when age hardened
Усталостная прочность Suitable for cyclical dynamic loading

The properties enable use for load-bearing implants and devices.

AM Process Parameters for CoCrMo Powder

Typical parameters for printing CoCrMo powder include:

Параметр Typical value Цель
Layer height 20-50 Ãœm Resolution vs build speed
Laser power 150-400 W Melting condition without vaporization
Scan speed 400-1200 mm/s Density versus production rate
Hatch spacing 80-120 Ã×m Mechanical properties
Supports Tree or lattice Overhangs, internal channels
Hot isostatic pressing 1220¡«C, 100 MPa, 3 hrs Eliminate porosity

Parameters tailored for density, microstructure, build rate and post-processing requirements.

Applications of 3D Printed CoCrMo Parts

AM CoCrMo components are used in:

Промышленность ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ
Медицинский Knee/hip implants, dental crowns, surgical tools
Аэрокосмическая отрасль Лопатки турбин, компоненты двигателей
Автомобильный Valve seats, turbocharger wheels
Промышленный Wear-resistant tooling, flanges, seals
Нефть и газ Valve parts, pumps

Benefits versus wrought CoCrMo include complex geometries, customized implants, reduced costs and lead times.

Specifications of CoCrMo Powder for AM

CoCrMo powder must meet strict specifications:

Параметр Спецификация
Диапазон размеров частиц 15-45 Ã×m typical
Форма частиц Spherical morphology
Кажущаяся плотность > 4 g/cc
Плотность при утрамбовке > 6 g/cc
Скорость потока холла > 23 sec for 50 g
Чистота >99.9%
Содержание кислорода <1000 ppm

Custom size distributions and controlled moisture levels available.

Suppliers of CoCrMo Powder

Reputable CoCrMo powder suppliers include:

Поставщик Местоположение
Carpenter Additive США
Sandvik Osprey Соединённое Королевство
Эрасталь Швеция
AP&C Канада
Технология LPW Соединённое Королевство
Arcam AB Швеция

Pricing ranges from $50/kg to $120/kg based on quality considerations and order volume.

Handling and Storage of CoCrMo Powder

As a reactive material, careful CoCrMo powder handling is essential:

  • Store sealed containers away from moisture, acids, ignition sources
  • Prevent exposure to air and use inert gas padding
  • Ground equipment to dissipate static charges
  • Avoid dust accumulation and use dust extraction
  • Local exhaust ventilation recommended
  • Follow safety data sheet precautions

Proper techniques ensure optimal powder condition.

Inspection and Testing of CoCrMo Powder

Quality testing methods include:

Метод Parameters Tested
Гранулометрический анализ Распределение размера частиц
Сканирующая электронная микроскопия Particle morphology
EDX Chemistry and composition
XRD Phases present
Pycnometry Плотность
Скорость потока холла Текучесть порошка

Testing per ASTM standards verifies powder quality and batch consistency.

Comparing CoCrMo to Alternative Alloy Powders

CoCrMo compares to other alloys as:

Сплав биосовместимостью Сила Цена Возможность печати
CoCrMo Отличный Средний Средний Хорошо
Titanium Ti64 Хорошо Низкий Высок Справедливо
Stainless steel 316L Хорошо Средний Средний Отличный
Инконель 718 Бедный Высок Высок Хорошо

CoCrMo provides the best combination of biocompatibility, strength, and printability for many applications.

Pros and Cons of CoCrMo Powder for AM

Преимущества Минусы
Отличная биосовместимость и коррозионная стойкость Limited high temperature capability
Very good wear and abrasion resistance Susceptible to porosity during printing
Readily 3D printable and weldable Requires controlled atmosphere handling
Cost advantage versus titanium alloys Post-processing often needed
Can match wrought material properties Lower fracture toughness than stainless steels

CoCrMo enables functional metal implants and components, albeit with controlled processing requirements.

Frequently Asked Questions about CoCrMo Powder

Q: What particle size range works best for 3D printing CoCrMo alloy?

A: A typical range is 15-45 microns. It provides good powder flowability combined with high resolution and density.

Q: What post-processing methods are used on CoCrMo AM parts?

A: Hot isostatic pressing, heat treatment, surface machining, and polishing are commonly used post-processes for achieving full density and surface finish.

Q: Which metal 3D printing processes are compatible with CoCrMo alloy?

A: Selective laser melting (SLM), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and electron beam melting (EBM) can all process CoCrMo powder.

Q: What industries use additively manufactured CoCrMo components?

A: Medical, dental, aerospace, automotive, oil and gas, and industrial sectors benefit from 3D printed CoCrMo parts.

Q: Does CoCrMo require support structures during 3D printing?

A: Yes, supports are needed on overhangs and internal channels to prevent deformation and allow easy removal after printing.

Q: What defects can occur when printing CoCrMo powder?

A: Potential defects are porosity, cracking, distortion, incomplete fusion, and surface roughness. Most can be prevented with optimized parameters.

Q: What type of biocompatibility testing is done on CoCrMo alloys?

A: Cytotoxicity, sensitization, irritation, systemic toxicity, genotoxicity, and implantation testing per standards like ISO 10993 are conducted.

Q: How are the properties of printed CoCrMo compared to cast alloy?

A: AM CoCrMo components can achieve mechanical properties on par or better than cast and annealed counterparts when optimized.

Q: What are the main differences between CoCr F75 and SP2 alloys?

A: F75 has higher carbon for better machinability while SP2 has lower carbon plus niobium for improved particle melting behavior during printing.

Q: What density can be expected with 3D printed CoCrMo components?

A: Density above 99% is achievable for CoCrMo with ideal parameters tailored for the alloy, matching wrought material properties.

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