{"id":3876,"date":"2024-03-18T06:10:10","date_gmt":"2024-03-18T06:10:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3dp.45612300.xyz\/product\/best-in939-powder-for-3d-printing-in-2023\/"},"modified":"2024-03-18T06:10:10","modified_gmt":"2024-03-18T06:10:10","slug":"best-in939-powder-for-3d-printing-in-2023","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/vi\/product\/best-in939-powder-for-3d-printing-in-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"Best IN939 Powder for 3D Printing in 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Overview of IN939 Powder for 3D Printing<\/strong><\/h2>\n

IN939 is a high-performance nickel-based superalloy powder designed for additive manufacturing of critical components needing exceptional mechanical properties at high temperatures. This article provides a comprehensive guide to IN939 powder for 3D printing applications across aerospace, automotive, energy and industrial sectors.<\/p>\n

Key aspects covered include IN939 composition, properties, print parameters, applications, specifications, suppliers, handling, inspection, comparisons to alternatives, advantages and limitations, and frequently asked questions. Quantitative data is presented in easy-to-reference tables.<\/p>\n

Composition of IN939 Powder<\/strong><\/h3>\n

IN939 has a complex precipitation hardening alloy composition:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1<\/th>\nT\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng<\/th>\nM\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Niken<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/td>\nPrincipal matrix element<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chrome<\/td>\n15 – 18<\/td>\nKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4xi h\u00f3a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nh\u00f4m<\/td>\n3.8 – 4.8<\/td>\nPh\u00e2n c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Titan<\/td>\n0.9 – 1.4<\/td>\nPh\u00e2n c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u00f4 ban<\/td>\n12 – 15<\/td>\nSolid solution strengthening<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tantal<\/td>\n3.8 – 4.8<\/td>\nCarbide former<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Carbon<\/td>\n0.05 – 0.15<\/td>\nCarbide former<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Boron<\/td>\n0.006 – 0.012<\/td>\nGrain boundary strengthener<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Trace quantities of zirconium, magnesium and sulphur are also added for enhanced properties.<\/p>\n

Properties of IN939 Powder<\/strong><\/h3>\n

IN939 possesses an exceptional combination of properties:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n<\/th>\nMi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao<\/td>\nExcellent tensile and creep rupture strength up to 1050\u00a1\u00abC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>\nStrength maintained up to 1000\u00a1\u00abC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Creep resistance<\/td>\nHigh stress-rupture life at high temperatures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4xi h\u00f3a<\/td>\nForms protective Cr2O3 oxide scale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Thermal fatigue resistance<\/td>\nResists cracking during thermal cycling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Phase stability<\/td>\nMicrostructure stable after prolonged exposures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/td>\nResistant to hot corrosion, oxidation, sulfidation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The properties enable use under extreme thermal and mechanical loads.<\/p>\n

3D Printing Parameters for IN939 Powder<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Typical AM processing parameters for IN939 include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tham s\u1ed1<\/th>\nTypical value<\/th>\nM\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Layer thickness<\/td>\n20-50 \u00c3\u00b5m<\/td>\nResolution vs build speed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Laser power<\/td>\n250-500 W<\/td>\nSufficient melting without evaporation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Scan speed<\/td>\n800-1200 mm\/s<\/td>\nDensity vs production rate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hatch spacing<\/td>\n100-200 \u00c3\u00d7m<\/td>\nMechanical properties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Support structure<\/td>\nMinimal<\/td>\nEasy removal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hot isostatic pressing<\/td>\n1160\u00a1\u00abC, 100 MPa, 3h<\/td>\nEliminate porosity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Parameters are optimized for attributes like density, microstructure, build rate, and post-processing requirements.<\/p>\n

Applications of 3D Printed IN939 Parts<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Additively manufactured IN939 components serve critical applications including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00e0nh<\/th>\nTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Hi\u00ea\u0323p c\u00f4ng<\/td>\nC\u00e1nh tua-bin, c\u00e1nh t\u0129nh, bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\nHot gas path parts, heat exchangers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00d4 t\u00f4<\/td>\nTurbocharger wheels, valves<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
X\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/td>\nPumps, valves, reaction vessels<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Benefits over conventionally processed IN939 include complex geometries and reduced lead time.<\/p>\n

Specifications of IN939 Powder for 3D Printing<\/strong><\/h3>\n

IN939 powder for AM must meet exacting specifications:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tham s\u1ed1<\/th>\n\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t<\/td>\n15-45 \u00c3\u00d7m typical<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t<\/td>\nSpherical morphology<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn<\/td>\n> 4 g\/cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecbu n\u00e9n<\/td>\n> 6 g\/cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng<\/td>\n> 23 sec for 50 g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd<\/td>\n>99.9%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy<\/td>\n<100 ppm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tighter tolerances, custom size distributions, and controlled impurity levels available.<\/p>\n

Suppliers of IN939 Powder<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Reputable suppliers of IN939 powder include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Sandvik Osprey<\/td>\nV\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u00f4ng ty d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia Carpenter<\/td>\nHoa K\u1ef3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Praxair<\/td>\nHoa K\u1ef3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AP&C<\/td>\nCanada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Erasteel<\/td>\nTh\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AMETEK<\/td>\nHoa K\u1ef3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Pricing for IN939 powder ranges from $110\/kg to over $220\/kg based on quality and order volume.<\/p>\n

Handling and Storage of IN939 Powder<\/strong><\/h3>\n

As a reactive powder, careful handling of IN939 is needed:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Store sealed containers in a cool, inert atmosphere<\/li>\n
  • Prevent contact with moisture, oxygen, acids<\/li>\n
  • Use properly grounded equipment<\/li>\n
  • Avoid dust accumulation to minimize explosion risk<\/li>\n
  • Local exhaust ventilation recommended<\/li>\n
  • Wear appropriate PPE while handling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Proper techniques and controls prevent IN939 powder oxidation or contamination.<\/p>\n

    Inspection and Testing of IN939 Powder<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    IN939 powder is validated using:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/th>\nParameters Tested<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u00e2y<\/td>\nPh\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh SEM<\/td>\nParticle morphology<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EDX<\/td>\nChemistry and composition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    XRD<\/td>\nPhases present<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Pycnometry<\/td>\nM\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng<\/td>\nL\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Testing per applicable ASTM standards ensures batch consistency.<\/p>\n

    Comparing IN939 to Alternative Alloy Powders<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    IN939 compares to other Ni-based superalloys as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    H\u1ee3p kim<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/th>\nChi ph\u00ed<\/th>\nPrintability<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    IN939<\/td>\nXu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\nXu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    IN738<\/td>\nT\u1ed1t<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\nXu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    IN718<\/td>\nC\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p<\/td>\nT\u1ed1t<\/td>\nXu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Hastelloy X<\/td>\nXu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\nC\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    For balanced properties and processability, IN939 supersedes alternatives like IN718 or Hastelloy X.<\/p>\n

    Pros and Cons of IN939 Powder for 3D Printing<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\nNh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Exceptional high temperature strength<\/td>\nExpensive compared to IN718<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Excellent oxidation and creep resistance<\/td>\nSignificant parameter optimization needed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Complex geometries feasible<\/td>\nLimited room temperature ductility<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Faster processing than cast\/wrought<\/td>\nControlled storage and handling environment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Comparable properties to cast alloy<\/td>\nDifficult to machine after printing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    IN939 enables high-performance printed parts but with higher costs and controlled processing needs.<\/p>\n

    Frequently Asked Questions about IN939 Powder for 3D Printing<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Q: What particle size range works best for printing IN939?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: A particle size range of 15-45 microns provides good flowability combined with high resolution and density. Finer particles below 10 microns can improve density and surface finish.<\/p>\n

    Q: Does IN939 require any post-processing after 3D printing?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: Post processes like hot isostatic pressing, heat treatment, and machining are usually needed to eliminate porosity, relieve stresses, and achieve final tolerances and surface finish.<\/p>\n

    Q: What precision can be achieved with IN939 printed parts?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: After post-processing, dimensional accuracy and surface finish comparable to CNC machined parts can be achieved with IN939 AM components.<\/p>\n

    Q: Are support structures necessary for printing IN939 powder?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: Minimal supports are recommended for complex channels and overhangs to prevent deformation and facilitate easy removal. IN939 powder has good flowability.<\/p>\n

    Q: What alloy powder is the closest alternative to IN939 for AM?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: IN738 is the closest alternative in terms of balanced properties and maturity for additive manufacturing. Other alloys like IN718 or Hastelloy X have some trade-offs.<\/p>\n

    Q: Is IN939 compatible with direct metal laser sintering (DMLS)?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: Yes, IN939 is readily processable by major powder bed fusion techniques including DMLS along with selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM).<\/p>\n

    Q: What density is achievable with 3D printed IN939 components?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: With optimized parameters, densities over 99% are achievable, matching properties of traditionally processed IN939 products.<\/p>\n

    Q: How do the properties of printed IN939 compare to cast alloy?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: Additively manufactured IN939 exhibits comparable or better mechanical properties and microstructure compared to conventional cast and wrought forms.<\/p>\n

    Q: What defects can occur when printing with IN939 powder?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: Potential defects are cracking, distortion, porosity, surface roughness, incomplete fusion etc. Most can be prevented by proper parameter optimization and powder quality.<\/p>\n

    Q: Is hot isostatic pressing (HIP) mandatory for IN939 AM parts?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    A: HIP eliminates internal voids and improves fatigue resistance. For less demanding applications, heat treatment alone may suffice instead of HIP.<\/p>\n

    \n
    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    <\/span><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Overview of IN939 Powder for 3D Printing IN939 is a high-performance nickel-based superalloy powder designed for additive manufacturing of critical components needing exceptional mechanical properties at high temperatures. This article provides a comprehensive guide to IN939 powder for 3D printing applications across aerospace, automotive, energy and industrial sectors. Key aspects covered include IN939 composition, properties,…<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":1757,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":""},"product-category":[119,120],"class_list":["post-3876","product","type-product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","product-category-3d-printing-metal-powder","product-category-high-temperature-alloy-powder"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"product-category":[{"value":119,"label":"3D Printing Metal Powder"},{"value":120,"label":"High Temperature Alloy Powder"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IN939.png",400,300,false],"author_info":[],"comment_info":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/3876","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1757"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3876"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3dpmetal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product-category?post=3876"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}