CoCrMo Powder
Overview of CoCrMo Powder CoCrMo is a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy powder widely used in metal additive manufacturing for biomedical, dental, aerospace, and industrial applications needing wear resistance and biocompatibility. This article provides a detailed guide to CoCrMo powder covering composition, properties, AM process parameters, applications, specifications, suppliers, handling, inspection, comparisons, pros and cons, and FAQs. Key…
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Overview of CoCrMo Powder
CoCrMo is a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy powder widely used in metal additive manufacturing for biomedical, dental, aerospace, and industrial applications needing wear resistance and biocompatibility.
This article provides a detailed guide to CoCrMo powder covering composition, properties, AM process parameters, applications, specifications, suppliers, handling, inspection, comparisons, pros and cons, and FAQs. Key information is presented in easy-to-reference tables.
Composition of CoCrMo Powder
The composition of CoCrMo alloy powder is:
องค์ประกอบ | เปอร์เซ็นต์น้ำหนัก | จุดประสงค์ |
---|---|---|
โคบอลต์ | 58-69 | Matrix element, biocompatibility |
โครเมียม | 26-30 | Corrosion resistance, wear resistance |
โมลิบดีนัม | 5-7 | Strength, wear resistance |
คาร์บอน | 0.05-0.35 | Carbide former |
ซิลิกอน | 1 max | Deoxidizer |
แมงกานีส | 1 max | Deoxidizer |
เหล็ก | 0.75 max | Contamination limit |
The high cobalt content provides biocompatibility while chromium and molybdenum impart strength and wear resistance.
Properties of CoCrMo Powder
Key properties of CoCrMo powder include:
ทรัพย์สิน | คำอธิบาย |
---|---|
ชีวสาระบรรจบ | Excellent compatibility with human body tissues |
ทนทานต่อการสึกหรอ | High abrasion and sliding wear resistance |
ความต้านทานการกัดกร่อน | Resistant to body fluids and many chemicals |
ความแข็งแรง | Tensile strength up to 1310 MPa when work hardened |
ความแข็ง | Up to 54 HRC when age hardened |
ความแข็งแรงเมื่อล้า | Suitable for cyclical dynamic loading |
The properties enable use for load-bearing implants and devices.
AM Process Parameters for CoCrMo Powder
Typical parameters for printing CoCrMo powder include:
พารามิเตอร์ | Typical value | จุดประสงค์ |
---|---|---|
Layer height | 20-50 ไมครอน | Resolution vs build speed |
Laser power | 150-400 W | Melting condition without vaporization |
Scan speed | 400-1200 mm/s | Density versus production rate |
Hatch spacing | 80-120 Ã×m | Mechanical properties |
Supports | Tree or lattice | Overhangs, internal channels |
Hot isostatic pressing | 1220¡«C, 100 MPa, 3 hrs | Eliminate porosity |
Parameters tailored for density, microstructure, build rate and post-processing requirements.
Applications of 3D Printed CoCrMo Parts
AM CoCrMo components are used in:
อุตสาหกรรม | แอปพลิเคชัน |
---|---|
แพทย์ | Knee/hip implants, dental crowns, surgical tools |
อวกาศ | Turbine blades, engine components |
ยานยนต์ | Valve seats, turbocharger wheels |
อุตสาหกรรม | Wear-resistant tooling, flanges, seals |
น้ำมันและก๊าซ | Valve parts, pumps |
Benefits versus wrought CoCrMo include complex geometries, customized implants, reduced costs and lead times.
Specifications of CoCrMo Powder for AM
CoCrMo powder must meet strict specifications:
พารามิเตอร์ | สเปก |
---|---|
ช่วงขนาดของอนุภาค | 15-45 Ã×m typical |
รูปร่างของอนุภาค | Spherical morphology |
ความหนาแน่นปรากฏ | > 4 g/cc |
ความหนาแน่นที่แตะ ะ | > 6 g/cc |
อัตราการไหลในห้องโถง | > 23 sec for 50 g |
ความบริสุทธิ์ | >99.9% |
ปริมาณออกซิเจน | <1000 ppm |
Custom size distributions and controlled moisture levels available.
Suppliers of CoCrMo Powder
Reputable CoCrMo powder suppliers include:
ซัพพลายเออร์ | ที่ตั้ง |
---|---|
Carpenter Additive | สหรัฐอเมริกา |
Sandvik Osprey | สหราชอาณาจักร |
Erasteel | สวีเดน |
AP&C | แคนาดา |
เทคโนโลยี LPW | สหราชอาณาจักร |
Arcam AB | สวีเดน |
Pricing ranges from $50/kg to $120/kg based on quality considerations and order volume.
Handling and Storage of CoCrMo Powder
As a reactive material, careful CoCrMo powder handling is essential:
- Store sealed containers away from moisture, acids, ignition sources
- Prevent exposure to air and use inert gas padding
- Ground equipment to dissipate static charges
- Avoid dust accumulation and use dust extraction
- Local exhaust ventilation recommended
- Follow safety data sheet precautions
Proper techniques ensure optimal powder condition.
Inspection and Testing of CoCrMo Powder
Quality testing methods include:
วิธีการ | Parameters Tested |
---|---|
การวิเคราะห์ผ่านตะแกรง | การกระจายขนาดของอนุภาค |
ภาพถ่าย SEM | Particle morphology |
EDX | Chemistry and composition |
XRD | Phases present |
Pycnometry | ความหนาแน่น |
อัตราการไหลในห้องโถง | การไหลของผง |
Testing per ASTM standards verifies powder quality and batch consistency.
Comparing CoCrMo to Alternative Alloy Powders
CoCrMo compares to other alloys as:
โลหะผสม | ชีวสาระบรรจบ | ความแข็งแรง | ค่าใช้จ่าย | Printability |
---|---|---|---|---|
CoCrMo | ยอดเยี่ยม | กลางๆ | กลางๆ | ดี |
Titanium Ti64 | ดี | ต่ำ | สูง | ยุติธรรม |
Stainless steel 316L | ดี | กลางๆ | กลางๆ | ยอดเยี่ยม |
Inconel 718 | จน | สูง | สูง | ดี |
CoCrMo provides the best combination of biocompatibility, strength, and printability for many applications.
Pros and Cons of CoCrMo Powder for AM
ข้อดี | ข้อเสีย |
---|---|
การเข้ากันได้ทางชีวภาพที่ดีเยี่ยม การทนต่อการกัดกร่อน | Limited high temperature capability |
Very good wear and abrasion resistance | Susceptible to porosity during printing |
Readily 3D printable and weldable | Requires controlled atmosphere handling |
Cost advantage versus titanium alloys | Post-processing often needed |
Can match wrought material properties | Lower fracture toughness than stainless steels |
CoCrMo enables functional metal implants and components, albeit with controlled processing requirements.
Frequently Asked Questions about CoCrMo Powder
Q: What particle size range works best for 3D printing CoCrMo alloy?
A: A typical range is 15-45 microns. It provides good powder flowability combined with high resolution and density.
Q: What post-processing methods are used on CoCrMo AM parts?
A: Hot isostatic pressing, heat treatment, surface machining, and polishing are commonly used post-processes for achieving full density and surface finish.
Q: Which metal 3D printing processes are compatible with CoCrMo alloy?
A: Selective laser melting (SLM), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and electron beam melting (EBM) can all process CoCrMo powder.
Q: What industries use additively manufactured CoCrMo components?
A: Medical, dental, aerospace, automotive, oil and gas, and industrial sectors benefit from 3D printed CoCrMo parts.
Q: Does CoCrMo require support structures during 3D printing?
A: Yes, supports are needed on overhangs and internal channels to prevent deformation and allow easy removal after printing.
Q: What defects can occur when printing CoCrMo powder?
A: Potential defects are porosity, cracking, distortion, incomplete fusion, and surface roughness. Most can be prevented with optimized parameters.
Q: What type of biocompatibility testing is done on CoCrMo alloys?
A: Cytotoxicity, sensitization, irritation, systemic toxicity, genotoxicity, and implantation testing per standards like ISO 10993 are conducted.
Q: How are the properties of printed CoCrMo compared to cast alloy?
A: AM CoCrMo components can achieve mechanical properties on par or better than cast and annealed counterparts when optimized.
Q: What are the main differences between CoCr F75 and SP2 alloys?
A: F75 has higher carbon for better machinability while SP2 has lower carbon plus niobium for improved particle melting behavior during printing.
Q: What density can be expected with 3D printed CoCrMo components?
A: Density above 99% is achievable for CoCrMo with ideal parameters tailored for the alloy, matching wrought material properties.
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